Managing financial resources and decisions Essay

Managing financial resources and decisions - Essay Example Broadly, the types of sources of finance are divided into two categories namely: 1. Internal sources of finance 2. External sources of finance Different types of business have different sources of funds. The most common types of business are: sole trader, partnership, public limited company, and private limited company. Sole Trader: This form of business consists of one individual owner who is legally not disconnected from the business. But the company and personal accounts are separated. The internal sources of funds for this type of business only include the sale of the goods and stocks. This source of finance is short term as the money from sales of goods is first used for covering the operating expenses of the company (Arnold, 2008). On the other hand, the external sources of finance available to sole trader consist of different loans from banks or venture capitalists. This also includes secured loans, leases, and grants from government. The sale of the goods and stocks is only b eneficial in the short term, however the loans from banks can be beneficial for the sole trader for long term financing. The venture capitalists demand for high interest rates (Gitman, 2003). ... Private Limited Company: In this form of the business, the shares of the business are sold on private basis only by the consent of the board of directors. This type of business is normally popular for the family businesses. The organisation has control over the distribution of the shares and can decide who can own the shares of the company. Private limited company has more long term internal sources of funds. The company can sale the shares and also assets in order to raise finance. Along with this the directors of the company can also decide to issue new shares. The external sources of funds available for the private limited company includes: debentures, loans from banks, grants from government, and also funds from venture capitalists (Khan, 1993). The internal sources of funds like sale of shares can result in diluting the ownership of the organisation. The grants from government can be beneficial for long term financing (Gitman, 2003). P2: IMPLICATIONS OF THE DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FINANCE: Different sources of finance have different implications associated with them. For instance, the option of issuing new shares for the private limited company can result in diluting the ownership of the organisation. Also, different external sources of finance have different implications and influence on the business. All external sources of finance results in increasing the short term and long term liabilities of the company. The internal sources of funds can be beneficial for the private limited companies in the long run but the sole traders and partnership forms cannot use internal sources for the long term objectives and aims (Atkinson, Kaplan, Matsumura, & Young, 2007). P3: EVALUATION OF THE APPROPRIATE SOURCES OF

No need for topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

No need for topic - Essay Example The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, FCPA was enacted to reduce corruption in foreign markets. Therefore, the act was enacted to correct market failures. Corruption involves using money or other resources to influence the decisions of an individual in preferring one entity to the detriment of others. Companies that did not participate in corruption in foreign markets lost to those that did in awarding of government contracts and in venturing into new markets. This was a major problem that characterized market failure. Moreover market failure occurs in cases where there are weak laws to discipline and monitor institutions. Institutions will fail to protect their investors due to managerial misconducts. Consequently, both investors and customers lose huge amounts of investments.3 Examples of these include Enron, Global Crossing and WorldCom corporations that failed due to bad managerial decisions. Government failure on the other hand arises in cases where a government has created major inefficiencies by failing to intervene at the initiate stages of a problem when it could have been more appropriate to solve it more efficiently.4 Such intervention is of many benefits to the investors and consumers. Pareto optimization may be used to measure the extent of government failure in the same way it is used to measure the extent of market failure. Public choice theory explains government failure in a market. The theory stipulates that an individual will be more inclined to be motivated by self-interest, though some may base their actions on the concern for others.5 Government’s failure to prevent such selfish behavior among individuals at the expense of others is the main factor leading to government failure. Therefore, a government is responsible for putting in place checks and balances to ensure organization discipline in insuring investors against losses.6 i. Considering the two cases, market failure explains the policy behind Foreign Corrupt Practices Ac t of 1977, FCPA. Market failure involves unfair balance of resources that may lead to monopoly, lack of information, lower public good, among others. Most foreign corruption acts involved a company bribing foreign officials in foreign markets to have unrestrained access to resources, to block competitors from accessing resources or from enjoying government contracts, and blocking some companies from accessing the market. This resulted in creation of monopolies, and use of resources that did not accord to the public’s good. Therefore, the policy was as result of market failure. b. A negative externality that may result from market failure is damage to environment quality. When companies are allowed to harness resources in a country, most companies do not have regard to environmental degradation, and the effects it will have to the public. Companies will be more concerned on tapping resources for their production and not taking care of the environmental concern from people invo lved. When such companies have a monopoly over such resources, the general public may not benefit; the companies over exploit resources for profitability. An example is in the mining sector. Some companies are awarded rights to harvest certain minerals mostly in developing countries to contribute to the overall GDP of a country in exports. However, such companies leave large gaping holes of dilapidated land. Some do not take

Subjective Health Assessment

Subjective Health Assessment Despite the importance of an individual’s perspective of their health and wellbeing, individuals are extremely influenced by the extent to which their treatment outcomes meet their expectations (O’hagan et al., 2014). This is why it is important for nurses to incorporate the individual’s perspective into the interventions; to accomplish this nurses need to use effective communication, such as verbal and non-verbal techniques, to receive the appropriate subjective health information (O’hagan et al., 2014). Nurses further must implement the individual’s perspective into the development of nursing interventions; this will help influence a positive recovery (O’hagan et al., 2014). This essay will define communication in the context of nursing; it will discuss the process followed regarding the selection of an individual and the arrangements made, also which interview techniques were utilised. The essay will further discuss the health strengths of an individual, as well as any health concerns which may benefit from health promotional education. Lastly, there will be a summary about what I learnt from this assignment. It is crucial to understand the importance of communication in the context of nursing, in order to implement it in a nurse-client relationship. Communication is central to human interaction, as it allows individuals to establish, maintain and improve contact with each other (Juvà ©-Udina et al., 2014). The word communication originates centuries ago from the Greek word â€Å"communis† meaning to make common (O’hagan et al., 2014). Tay, Hegney and Ang (2011) define communication as ‘a two-way process –sending the right message that is also being correctly received and understood by the other person’. Communication in the context of nursing is where the nurse and patient perceive the other in the situation and, through communication of verbal and non-verbal messages, sets goals, and agrees on interventions to help achieve these goals (Tay et al., 2011). The initial goal for this assignment is to find a healthy individual between the ages of thirty and sixty five who is not a friend, family member or anyone I knew well. This was achieved by ringing my aunty and asking if she knew anyone in the area that would be happy to help with my assignment. My aunty gave me the phone number and the email of a colleague; from here I sent an email explaining the â€Å"subjective health assessment† project to her. Jenny (pseudonym) promptly replied saying she would be happy to assist, when she agreed I emailed her a consent form. I also ensured her that to be in accordance with The Nursing Council Code of Conduct (2012) as a student nurse I must respect her rights to confidentiality and therefore any personal or identifiable information will be altered to protect her privacy and dignity. From here we arranged to have the interview take place at her house as it would not only be private but it would help ensure that she feels comfortable, we worked out a time that suited us both and decided at 10am on Wednesday 30th of July. The quality and reliability of information is influenced by the way in which information is collected, which is related to the use of nonverbal and verbal communication (Jarvis, 2012). Nonverbal communication of appearance, demeanour, facial expression, silence, and listening are highly influential. I incorporated all these aspects into my interview. Firstly I wore my nursing uniform which made my appearance look professional, and kept a neutral friendly expression throughout the interview. I also made sure my attitude was non-judgemental and that we were seated at eye level; this helped to maintain eye contact which showed that I was alert and listening to her. Sitting at eye level also helped make us both feel equal as no one had an authoritative role over the other. However, verbal communication is just as important as nonverbal communication. I ensured that all the questions I asked were open ended this allowed Jenny to expand in areas which provided me with relevant and detailed information. Also, by using the communication technique refection I was able to respond in a way that allowed Jenny to realise that I was listening and understanding what she was communicating. June has the belief that, for her age she is healthy and she is content with her current level of health. She lives a healthy lifestyle and has few health issues. Junes health and wellbeing is supported by having had completed all of the immunisation programs recommended for her through her childhood. These immunisations are very important during an individual’s childhood as it protects children from negative impacts of illness (Grant, Luxford, Darbyshire, 2005). However, even though June completed these immunisation programs she still contracted chicken pox at seven years of age. This is an extremely contagious disease which is spread by the same methods as the common cold such as coughing, sneezing and skin to skin contact (Grant, Luxford, Darbyshire, 2005). There are many things that influence an individual’s overall health, and the likelihood of developing diseases (Jarvis, 2012). Diseases can occur due to a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors (Jarvis, 2012). In the context of Jennys health she is unaware of any hereditary diseases in her family history. This is a great strength to have as Jenny does not have any increased risks of getting genetic disorders or passing them onto her children. Another strength Jenny has is that she works on a farm; this means she is often outdoors in the natural environment. Tardona, Bozeman and Pierson (2014) research indicates that exposure and experiences in natural environment can improve wellbeing by increasing self-esteem, spiritual well-being, cognitive functions and relieving stress. This shows that Jenny is free of health illnesses and her job contributes to her overall wellbeing Peterson (2000) discusses how this is a proven benefit not only to the individual but the family as well. Regular exercise and sleep patterns are more beneficial strengths displayed by Jenny which contributes positively to her overall wellbeing. Ekblom-Bak, Ekblom, Vikstrà ¶m, De Faire, and Hellà ©nius (2014) discusses how at least 150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous exercise is important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Jenny well and truly does more than 150 minutes per week as she motivates herself to go for a power walk every day for around an hour. Kemmler and Von Stengel (2013) research shows that there is a lower chance of experiencing heart disease, some cancers, stroke and type two diabetes when regular exercise is implemented into everyday life. Exercise further helps to improve sleeping patterns. As Jenny is a farmer she has to wake up at 5am most mornings, this results in Jenny having to manage her time well to make sure she gets enough sleep. Jenny goes to sleep around 9.30 at night usually without waking throughout the night and does not nap throughout the da y this shows Jenny has healthy sleep patterns. According to Gruber (2013) healthy sleep patterns are shown to have a positive impact on an individual’s body as it enables the individual to cope with everyday living tasks. Musculoskeletal disorders are the main representation for absence at work worldwide, Jenny experiences back pain which is increased by stress (Là ¶vgren, Gustavsson, Melin, Rudman, 2014). Lundberg and Melin (2002), look at how the conditions at work, such as time pressure and heavy lifting, can contribute to elevated stress levels and muscular tension. They further explore how the elevated levels of stress can reduce the time for rest and recuperations (Lundberg Melin, 2002). Therefore it is important for Jenny to implement interventions that help improve her back pain, when Jenny is at work she could limit the amount of heavy lifting she does and also be educated on the correct lifting technique to avoid further injuries or strains to her back. Jenny can further implement the use of over the counter medication such as deep heat to help relieve the pain and tension in her muscles. The increasing instability in the economic sector and the increase in unemployment rates are likely to trigger financial worries, which can contribute to fatigue levels (Stewart, Abbey, Meana Boydell, 1998). This is because financial worries present themselves as a psychological threat which is prolonged and chronic in nature. This causes an increase in fatigue levels as our bodies are not designed to cope with prolonged periods of increased stress hormone (cortisol) levels (Stewart et al., 1998). In Jennys context she has a job however she still feels financially unstable which could be related to her increased levels of fatigue. Therefore Jenny needs to implement interventions such as seeing a financial consultant to help her understand her future options and avoid finical crisis. Through completing this assignment I feel I now have a greater understanding of the importance of communication in a nurse-client relationship. I learnt that without using proper communication skills you will be unable to understand the individual’s perspective of their health and what they want in life. What I found is that by being non-judgemental and honest throughout the interview developed the nurse-client relationship more, which is extremely important with the client as they are the primary source of information. I believe this was shown when Jenny felt respected as she opened up more by telling me more about her life instead of answering briefly. I further understand the importance of asking open ended questions and using non-verbal communication skills as if I had not the information I received would have been different. I also learnt the importance of taking your time and just listening to the client, especially in Jennys case as she got very excited talking about he r children and upset when I approached the subject of finical stability. So from this I understood that her major worries and weakness in her life is to do with finical pressure and that her children provide her with a source of happiness. In conclusion, effective communication provides nurses with a way to gather information from a client successfully. This essay looked at how I went about selecting an individual and the arrangements made. While also disusing how non-verbal techniques of eye contact and appearance helped make Jenny feel comfortable and verbal techniques of open ended questions to receive more relevant detailed information. This essay further suggested that Jenny’s strengths included having a healthy childhood, no hereditary diseases in the family history, working on a farm and having regular exercise and sleep patterns. However Jenny’s weakness of back pain and feeling financial unstable can lead to health issues which is why interventions of education of proper lifting techniques, using deep heat and seeing a financial advisor can help Jenny’s overall health. This essay also looked at what I learnt from completing this assignment which was that communication skills majorly affect the quality of the information gathered and the trust between a nurse and a client. Reference List Ekblom-Bak, E., Ekblom, B., Vikstrà ¶m, M., de Faire, U., Hellà ©nius, M. (2014). The importance of  non-exercise physical activity for cardiovascular health and longevity. British Journal Of  Sports Medicine, 48(3), 233-238. Retrieved from  http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=605a2018-d38e-4eef-945d-f1ae2481136a%40sessionmgr4005vid=3hid=4211 Grant, J., Luxford, Y., Darbyshire, P. (2005). Culture, communication and child health. Contemporary Nurse, 20(2), 134-142. Gruber, R. (2013). Making room for sleep. Journal of Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie canadienne, 54(1), 62-71. Jarvis, C. (2012). Physical Examination and Health Assessment. Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Juvà ©-Udina, M., Pà ©rez, E., Padrà ©s, N., Samartino, M., Garcà ­a, M., Creus, M., Calvo, C. (2014).  Basic Nursing Care: Retrospective Evaluation of Communication and Psychosocial  Interventions Documented by Nurses in the Acute Care Setting. Journal Of Nursing  Scholarship, 46(1), 65-72. doi:10.1111/jnu.12062 Kemmler, W., Von Stengel, S. (2013). Exercise Frequency, Health Risk Factors, and Diseases of  the Elderly. Archives Of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 94(11), 2046-2053. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/science/article/pii/S000399931300422X Là ¶vgren, M., Gustavsson, P., Melin, B., Rudman, A. (2014). Neck/shoulder and back pain in new  graduate nurses: A growth mixture modeling analysis. International Journal Of Nursing  Studies, 51(4), 625-639. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.08.009 Lundberg, U., Melin, B. (2002). Stress in the development of musculoskeletal pain. Pain Research and Clinical Management 12 (1), 165-179. OHagan, S., Manias, E., Elder, C., Pill, J., Woodward-Kron, R., McNamara, T., McColl, G.  (2014). What counts as effective communication in nursing? Evidence from nurse educators  and clinicians feedback on nurse interactions with simulated patients. Journal Of Advanced  Nursing, 70(6), 1344-1355. doi:10.1111/jan.12296 Peterson, G. (2000). Making Healthy Families. Berkeley, Calif: Shadow and Light Publications. Stewart, D., Abbey, S., Meana , M., Boydell, K. (1998). What makes women tired: A community sample. Journal of Womens Health, 7(1), 69-76. Tardona, D. R., Bozeman, B. A., Pierson, K. L. (2014). A Program Encouraging Healthy Behavior,  Nature Exploration, and Recreation through History in an Urban National Park Unit. Journal Of  Park Recreation Administration, 32(2), 73-82. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.massey.ac.nz/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=11sid=b0ae001b-42b0-4b53-83c8-7d6bbdf8bada%40sessionmgr198hid=107 Tay, L., Hegney, D., Ang, E. (2011). Factors affecting effective communication between registered  nurses and adult cancer patients in an inpatient setting: a systematic review. International  Journal Of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 9(2), 151-164. doi:10.1111/j.1744-1609.2011.00212.x Nursing council of New Zealand. (2012).Code of conduct. Retrieved from http://file:///C:/Users/Jessica/Downloads/Nurses%20Code%20of%20Conduct.pdf

The Controversy Over the Electoral College System Essay -- Politics Po

The Controversy Over the Electoral College System A number of Americans fail to realize that when they vote they are not voting for the president and vice-president directly, but for electors who then cast their ballots in the Electoral College. Until the recent battle between Gov. George W. Bush and Vice-president Al Gore for the presidency, this new generation of American voters has never witnessed a controversial election. Historically, there have been problematic elections allowing voters to question this system. The Electoral College is now a process open to criticism and debate, specifically because many do not understand its origin or purpose today. On November 7, 2000, Election Day, I was excited to become an official voter. Considering myself mature, responsible, and finally of age to vote, I had mailed my registration, received my voter’s card, ready to become a participant in one of the most crucial events of the year. I was a faithful supporter of my candidate, crossing my fingers in hopes of victory. That night I watched CNN, eating my dinner and sipping a Diet Coke when the station announced Al Gore had won Florida, which held twenty-five electoral votes. Two hundred and seventy are needed to win, and presidential candidates Bush and Gore had switched leads all night. Each state held a close percentage ranging from an average 2-6 percent difference in votes between candidates. Florida had been anticipated as a Republican victory, which led to disappointment among Republican voters when its electoral votes were awarded to Al Gore. I continued to watch as each state was announced and electoral votes were awarded to either candidate. About an hour later, Florida became â€Å"too close to call† and CNN among other st... ... situation may cause discouragement in some voters, but in others motivation to become a participant in voting for entrusted electors to select our next president. Between the presidential candidates, whomever wins among this controversy should be respected and relied upon to reunite a divided country. Americans must have faith in a system that despite its flaws works and has set us apart from other nations in our freedoms and rights. Works Cited Best, Judith A. The Choice of the People? Debating the Electoral College. England: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1996, pgs. 43-44. Glennon, Michael J. When No Majority Rules: The Electoral College and Presidential Succession. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 1993, p.20. Schmidt, Shelley, and Bardes. American Politics and Government Today. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999, pgs. 325-327.

Refer to Poem 327 “Before I got my eye put out” Essay

Dickinson is able to so effectively present the importance of sight because in 1864, she spent seven months in Boston undergoing eye treatment. In Poem 327, she appears to be reflecting on this experience, as well as exploring further possibilities, hence the use of the conditional tense. This is undoubtedly a poem of praise for vision, yet this is balanced by the solitary nature of the poem which creates a sense of pathos. Whilst traditionally women’s poetry was considered to be more polite, this is definitely not true of this poem, which uses raw, visceral imagery to emphasise the importance and power of sight. Dickinson establishes three distinctive parts to the narrative; before the narrator ‘got [her] eye put out’; after the event and the possibility of her regaining her sight in the future. Dickinson refers to the narrator’s loss of sight as her having her ‘eye put out’. The aloof expression with which she relates such a critical event immediately excites the reader’s attention. Pathos is created with the narrator mourning for her loss and reminiscing about times when she ‘liked†¦to see’. Furthermore, by capitalising ‘Eyes’, Dickinson emphasises the word and portrays the ideal quality that eyes now possess for the narrator. The reader is able to appreciate that the narrator has needed to find a way to cope without sight; she is no longer one of the ‘other Creatures, that have Eyes/ And know no other way-‘. Through blindness, the narrator has been forced to develop her imagination. The strength of her imagination is portrayed as something which is, perhaps, better than ‘finite eyes’ and it appears that the narrator has almost been enlightened since losing her sight. Dickinson conjures up intense, eidetic images of ‘Meadows†¦Mountains†¦Forests†¦Stars’. In the final stanza, Dickinson equates the mind’s eye with the imagination and ‘[her] soul’, implying that sight is affected by our thoughts and pre-conceptions. She also suggests that people need to look out through ‘the Window pane’ and perceive what is outside the limitations of their own body. This is possibly something the narrator is able to do now that her mind is no longer affected by her sight. Sight holds such great importance for the narrator that it is bound up with a wide range of emotions. When the narrator is first presented with the  possibility of regaining her sight, she declares ‘my Heart/ Would split, for size of me’. The forced cesura makes the reader pause, and the exclamatory quality of the syntax reflects the ‘split’ and its release of energy and bountiful emotions. The repetition of ‘mine’ suggests the narrator’s hunger for ownership of the images. If she owned them, she would be able to satisfy her need by looking at them whenever she desired. In the penultimate stanza, Dickinson uses dashes to isolate ‘to look at when I like’. This is the climax of the poem and the isolation of this phrase highlights the magnificent phenomenon of sight. The narrator expresses her resignation to a life without sight ‘So safer – guess†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. However the narrator does also seem to be aware of t he benefits of remaining blind because whilst sight is presented as being incredible, it is also presented as dangerous ‘Where other Creatures put their eyes- / Incautious – of the Sun’. The poem describes a very solitary experience, about the narrator in commune with some higher power. The narrator’s Romanticism is illuminated by her passion for and desire to hold on to the minutiae of the beauty of nature. This is evident from her description of ‘The Motions of the Dipping Birds’ and ‘The Morning’s Amber Road-‘. The use of capital letters highlights the significance these images hold for the narrator and the detailed descriptions demonstrate that her mind’s eye can contain finer details alongside the vastness of the large features of nature, such as ‘Meadows’ and ‘Mountains’. Dickinson uses hyperbolae ‘my Heart/ Would split’; ‘The News would strike me dead’ to portray the intensity of the narrator’s emotional experience. One of Dickinson’s contemporaries, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, employs a similar hyperbolic technique to demonstrate her passions ‘How do I love thee? Let me count the ways’. This is not the only parallel which can be drawn between the two poets; both show a similar confidence in being able to discuss the soul through poetry. Browning says ‘My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight’, while for Dickinson, the issue of the soul appears not just in this poem, but is several others too, such as Poem 280 and Poem 309. The way in which Dickinson sets out the stanzas in this poem seems to reflect the narrator’s response to losing her sight, through the way it builds and  intensifies emotion. From something quite ordinary like ‘other Creatures’ in the first stanza, the emotional intensity rises in the second stanza, continues to do so in the third stanza and climaxes in the fourth, before falling in the fifth, in reflection of her resignation. The more frequent use of dashes as the poem progresses act to punctuate and emphasise what the narrator is saying and also indicate the build up of emotion. The isolation and repetition of ‘mine’ in the third and fourth stanzas illustrates the tension and selfish nature of the narrator. The poem climaxes in terms of intensity in the fourth stanza and Dickinson then brings the intensity down to safer levels, which is highlighted by her use of the word ‘safer’ in the first line of the final stanza. The repetition of ‘other Creatures’ provides balance to the poem. The symmetry is strengthened as a result of the similar emotional tones in the first and fifth stanzas. This could be reflective of the symmetry and balance of nature, of which Dickinson has shown herself to be exquisitely aware. Through her different poems, Dickinson has shown her remarkable ability to sympathise with the varied challenges that people experience in their lives. It is this ability that makes her poetry as a whole so vivid and emotional. Her skilful use of syntax, hyperbolae and imagery conveys the power and importance of sight Bibliography McNeil, Helen ed., Emily Dickinson: Everyman’s Poetry, Orion Publishing Group, 1997Merriman, C.D., Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) URL: http://www.online-literature.com [17 January 2007]

Edgar Allan Poe Works Essay

Edgar Allan Poe said â€Å"I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity.† Throughout his short stories; â€Å"The Black Cat† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, Poe sets up his characters to subconsciously reveal their insanity. Often using syntax clues and patterns, Poe shows the madness of the narrators of his short stories. The constant theme of denial of insanity further convinces the reader of the character’s psychosis. Characters themselves often prove they are not in touch with reality through their actions. Through syntax, denial of insanity, and character’s actions, Poe allows his narrators in â€Å"The Black Cat† and â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† to reveal their own insanity. Sentence structure is used consistently by Poe in his short stories to aid in his character’s revealing their own insanity. When the narrator in â€Å"The Black Cat† is listing the pets he and his wife have, the last one he lists is a c at. â€Å"We had birds, gold-fish, a fine dog, rabbits, a small monkey, and a cat.† (Poe H/O) The cat is italicized, causing the reader to wonder why the emphasis is so important. As the reader progresses through the rest of the story, it becomes evident that the cat is of a strong significance to the narrator. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, the narrator has some sort of disease that heightens his senses. He also has a type of obsessive compulsive disorder, causing him to fixate on his roommate’s clouded eye. In the beginning of the story, he says â€Å"I think it was his eye!-yes, it was this!† (Poe H/O) The short choppy thought pattern here shows the mind of the narrator is less than sound. While in â€Å"The Black Cat†, the syntax proof is less obvious, though foreshadowing the story by placing such a subtle hint as to how much the cat really matters in the rest of the story, the grammatical clues in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† are much more obvious because they pertain more to the thoughts of the narrator. Listening and paying attention t o how speakers and narrators in talk in any text are vital in understanding their character. By noting how Poe uses grammar and context clues, readers can more deeply understand the mind of the narrator. Syntax isn’t the only way Poe manipulates his narrators to show their own madness. The constant theme of denial of insanity further convinces the reader of the characters’ senselessness. Poe, in â€Å"The Black Cat† writes â€Å"Mad indeed would I be to expect it, in a case where my very senses reject their own evidence. Yet, mad I am not – and surely do I not dream.†(H/O). Here, the narrator of â€Å"The Black Cat† states that it is possible for his actions and thought process to be interpreted as mad, still in his mind, he is not mad at all. By denying his insanity, the narrator creates a suspicion in the reader, making them question the integrity of his mind. The narrator of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is more adamant about repeating the fact that he is not insane. â€Å"†¦will you say that I am mad?†¦I have heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad?† (Poe H/O) The narrator obviously worries about the fact that people may see him as a lunatic. The reader can infer that by denying his lack of sanity, and clinging to the hope that he may in fact have a sound mind; the narrator has lost all sense of reality, and cannot be trusted. Both of these stories have similar narrators in the sense that they may have once been sane, and a traumatic event has pushed them over the edge into the depths of derangement. While the above points may be valid and prove a point, nothing really shows who someone is more than what he or she may do. The character’s actions in multiple short stories by Poe show that they are not in touch with reality. The short story â€Å"The Black Cat† may have the best example of them all. When the narrator of this tale is hanging his precious, beloved cat, Pluto, he is well aware of his actions, and yet, he cannot stop himself from performing this murderous deed. One morning, in cool blood, I slipped a noose about its neck and hung it to the limb of a tree; – hung it with the tears streaming from my eyes and with the bitterest remorse at my heart; – hung it because I knew that it had loved be, and because I felt it had given me no reason of offense; – hung it because I knew that in so doing, I was committing a sin – a deadly sin that would so jeopardise my immortal soul as to place it – if such a thing were possible – even beyond the reach of the infinite mercy of the Most Merciful and Most Terrible God. (Poe H/O)

Oedipus - The Tragic Hero Essays - Ancient Greek Theatre

Oedipus - The Tragic Hero Essays - Ancient Greek Theatre Oedipus - The Tragic Hero In the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, Oedipus is a classic tragic hero. According to Aristotle's definition, Oedipus is a tragic hero because he is a king whose life falls apart when he finds out his life story. There are a number of characteristics described by Aristotle that identify a tragic hero. For example, a tragic hero must cause his own downfall; his fate is not deserved, and his punishment exceeds the crime; he also must be of noble stature and have greatness. Oedipus is in love with his idealized self, but neither the grandiose nor the depressive Narcissus can really love himself (Miller 67). All of the above characteristics make Oedipus a tragic hero according to Aristotle's ideas about tragedy, and a narcissist. Using Oedipus as an ideal model, Aristotle says that a tragic hero must be an important or influential man who makes an error in judgment, and who must then suffer the consequences of his actions. Those actions are seen when Oedipus forces Teiresias to reveal his destiny and his father's name. When Teiresias tries to warn him by saying I say that you and your most dearly loved are wrapped together in a hideous sin, blind to the horror of it (Sophocles 428). Oedipus still does not care and proceeds with his questioning as if he did not understand what Teiresias was talking about. The tragic hero must learn a lesson from his errors in judgment and become an example to the audience of what happens when great men fall from their lofty social or political positions. According to Miller, a person who is great, who is admired everywhere, and needs this admiration to survive, has one of the extreme forms of narcissism, which is grandiosity. Grandiosity can be seen when a person admires himself, his qualities, such as beauty, cleverness, and talents, and his success and achievements greatly. If one of these happens to fail, then the catastrophe of a severe depression is near (Miller 34). Those actions happen when the Herdsman tells Oedipus who his mother is, and Oedipus replies Oh, oh, then everything has come out true. Light, I shall not look on you Again. I have been born where I should not be born, I have been married where I should not marry, I have killed whom I should not kill; now all is clear (Sophocles 1144). Oedipus's decision to pursue his questioning is wrong; his grandiosity blinded him and, therefore, his fate is not deserved, but it is far beyond his control. A prophecy is foretold to Laius, the father of Oedipus, that the destiny of Oedipus is a terrible one beyond his control. But when it is prophesized to Oedipus, he sets forth from the city of his foster parents in order to prevent this terrible fate from occurring. Oedipus's destiny is not deserved because he is being punished for his parent's actions. His birth parents seek the advice of the Delphi Oracle, who recommends that they should not have any children. When the boy is born, Laius is overcome with terror when he remembers the oracle. Oedipus is abandoned by his birth parents and is denied their love, which is what results in what Miller calls Depression as Denial of the Self. Depression results from a denial of one's own emotional reactions, and we cannot really love if we deny our truth, the truth about our parents and caregivers as, well as about ourselves (Miller 43). The birth of Oedipus presets his destiny to result in tragedy even though he is of noble birth. In tragedies, protagonists are usually of the nobility that makes their falls seem greater. Oedipus just happens to be born a prince, and he has saved a kingdom that is rightfully his from the Sphinx. His destiny is to be of noble stature from birth, which is denied to him by his parents, but given back by the Sphinx. His nobility deceived him as well as his reflection, since it shows only his perfect, wonderful face and not his inner world, his pain, his history (Miller 66). When he relies on his status, he is blind, not physically, but emotionally. He is

Leisure Time Activities Essays

Leisure Time Activities Essays Leisure Time Activities Essay Leisure Time Activities Essay Leisure time activities Leisure time activities are Acting Archery Astronomy Bell ringing Betting Bicycling Bird watching Bowling Canoeing car maintenance CB radio Chess Cinema Crosswords Dancing Darts do it yourself Driving Eating out Fishing Football Gardening gliding hang gliding hare coursing health spas horse riding hunting ice skating jogging Knitting motor racing mountain climbing etc How to avoid doing negative work in leisure time Some people misuse their leisure. They would either pass it in sleeping,  playing cards, idle gossip, listening to the radio, or at the most in visiting the  pictures. They are all passive activities-activities in which they do nothing and which do not at all require any use of their brains. Therefore, such people feel bored and instead of wishing for more of leisure, wish for less of it. To avoid this they should do something creative which makes them active. Use of leisure activities The spending of leisure rightly is an art, and a difficult art. It must be spent in activities which require some, â€Å"doing, some acting, some use of the brain. The correct way of passing leisure is to acquire culture, to make and contemplate beautiful things. During  holidays, one may go out on picnics, as is done in the west, and thus get an opportunity of enjoying the beauty and freshness of nature. Picnics are  health  giving and provide the much needed change so essential for  health  and well-being. They refresh the mind and make it forget for the time being the prosaic cares and worries of this sorry life of ours. They provide the much needed touch of poetry in ones life. They increase efficiency and send back a man to his work with greater enthusiasm and  energy. Advantages of leisure activities: Relief from stress and boredom. It can help promote not only better emotional health but physical health as well. A feeling of control. Job or school demands might not give us that freedom. Enhanced communication skills and self-esteem. Shy or introverted people can benefit from group activities that are based on shared interests. Wider horizons. You can meet new people, learn new things and gain valuable perspective. A positive teaching model for children, who often learn better by example than by words alone. Your own behavior in group or family activities helps teach your children about: o Communication with others o Relationships with all kinds of people o Socially acceptable behavior o Negotiation and cooperation o Feelings and emotions o Listening o Playing o Reading habits o Your values

Academic Performance of College Students Essay Example for Free

Academic Performance of College Students Essay Academic performance (42) , College Students (39) , college level (10) , for college students (8) , top college (7) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? The lack of adequate background and/or preparation, among other things, causes many students to withdraw from college or to graduate with low grades, which often makes it difficult for them to obtain suitable jobs. This paper examines the academic performance and efforts to seek assistance for academic and related problems of undergraduate students at North Carolina A&T State University. To that effect, the grade reports of business and economics majors and responses to a survey of students enrolled in business and economics courses were qualitatively analyzed. The results of the analyses indicated that many students experienced academic deficiency and did not seek assistance when faced with problems. The results also revealed that many of the students who sought assistance rated the services they received as ineffective and indicated their preference for school-level advisement services. The development of a school-specific academic monitoring and advisement center would alleviate these problems. Such a center, with a comprehensive and extended advisement and counseling program, will be more effective than university-wide services in improving student academic performance and marketability upon graduation. ********** Teaching, research and service are usually used as a yardstick to measure faculty contributions to higher education institutions. Major universities have long stressed the importance of research activities relative to teaching. Over the last two decades, many of smaller teaching institutions, including the Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) where research activities were recognized only to the extent that they would keep educators and the knowledge they transmit to students current, have been under pressure to acquire external funds for scholarships, faculty development, and meeting accreditation standards (Fielding 1985). As these institutions, particularly the HBCUs, placed more emphasis on faculty research productivity, they are faced with the challenge of striking a balance between teaching and research activities. Nevertheless, most colleges and universities recognize that teaching is the ultimate goal of their institutions (Wiley 1993). The main factors considered for improving teaching effectiveness among other things, include teaching approaches and techniques and faculty availability for student assistance and advisement. However, students in higher education institutions must be motivated and committed to make reasonable efforts toward handling various activities, such as reading, written assignments, class discussion, presentation and examinations, effectively. Accordingly, the students’ commitment to attain a good education, their study habits and cooperation, their motivation and efforts to seek assistance, when needed, are equally critical for learning. Thus, since the provision and consumption of education service occur simultaneously, the students’ active participation in the process is a necessary condition to transform teaching to effective learning (Norales and Addus 2003). This paper assesses the academic performance and efforts of undergraduate students to seek assistance for academic and related problems at North Carolina A&T State. The paper (1) examines the academic performance and deficiencies of the students in terms of their overall grade point averages; (2) identifies the relative magnitude of student academic and related problems from freshman to senior classifications; (3) presents student evaluation of the effectiveness of advisement and counseling services available to students; and (4) recommends the development of a school-specific academic monitoring and advisement center to improve student academic performance and marketability upon graduation. Methods and Instrumentation The 1998 grade point averages (GPAs) of undergraduate business and economics majors were used to determine the levels of student academic performance and deficiencies, with the application of chi-square statistic test to the relevant data. The student grade reports (the most recent data available) were obtained from the North Carolina A&T State University’s School of Business and Economics. In addition, data from students were collected through a student survey of 2002. The sample for the student advisement and counseling effectiveness questionnaire consisted of students enrolled in business and economics courses at North Carolina A&T State University. The questionnaire items were designed to elicit responses from students to determine the magnitude of student academic and related problems, efforts to seek assistance to solve their problems, evaluation of effectiveness assistance they received, and preference for the location of advising and monitoring services within the University. The results of this study can be used as a source of data that can provide information on the curriculum effectiveness at North Carolina A&T State and other universities. Such data can assist educators in curriculum planning and development so that they can better meet the needs of students. Student Academic Performance and Survey Results The results of this study are based on the examination of the School of Business and Economics student GPAs and the student advisement and counseling survey of students enrolled in business and economics courses at North Carolina A&T State University. The results are centered around (1) the student academic performance levels and deficiencies; (2) the magnitude of student academic and related problems; (3) the students efforts to seek assistance to solve problems; (4) the student evaluation of effectiveness assistance received; and (5) the student preference for the location of advising and monitoring services. The following are the findings of the study based on student grade point averages and student advisement and counseling services questionnaire responses. Student Academic performance. The school of Business and Economics at North Carolina A&T State University consists of accounting, business administration, business education and economics and transportation/logistics departments. The distributions of grade point average of students enrolled in the School during the 1998 fall semester are presented in Table 1. For the data in the Table, the chi-square test statistic is significant. This indicates that grade distributions by classification are statistically different. Generally, the number of students with low grade point averages decreased from freshman to senior classifications. In other words, more freshmen maintained lower grades relative to seniors, and more seniors maintained higher grade point averages than freshmen. More specifically, the data indicates that, in the School of Business and Economics, 55% of freshman, 14% of sophomore, 16% of junior, and 6% of senior students maintained below 2. 00 grade point averages. The decline in the proportion of students with lower grades from the freshman to senior levels is an indication of either grade improvements, transfer from one program to another or withdrawal and/or suspension/dismissal from the university. In their senior year, 41% of students maintained a GPA of below 2. 50, 23% below 2. 25, and 6% below 2. 00. For all classifications, 53% of students maintained a GPA of below 2. 50, 39% below 2. 25, and 26% below 2. 00. The School of Business and Economics cannot afford to ignore 23% students who may graduate with a GPA of lower than 2. 25 and 41% below 2. 50, only to find it difficult to find professional jobs of their choice in their respective fields. Apparently, students need to be monitored, encouraged and assisted to play an active role in their pursuit to achieve their education and career objectives. Student Survey Results Of some 206 students who responded to the survey, 52% were female and 48% were male students. By classification, 10% were freshmen, 30% sophomore, 37% junior and 23% senior students. In terms of general fields of study, 68% majored in business and economics and 32% in other areas, including arts and sciences, education and engineering (Table 2). These figures suggest that the survey represents a balanced coverage on gender, student classification, and various fields of study. Magnitude of Student Academic and Related Problems: Of 154 who sought assistance, 52% were female and 48% were male students. By classification, 9% were freshmen, 30% sophomore, 37% junior and 25% were senior students (Table 3). The data in the Table is indicative of the fact that the number of problems faced by students generally declined from freshman to senior year of their study. Of 52 students who did not seek assistance, 52% were female and 48% were male students. By classification, 17% were freshmen, 30% junior, 37% sophomore and 19% senior students. A total of 56% who did not seek help were junior and senior students. The reasons indicated for not seeking assistance are that 19% did not have any problems, 17% did not have time to seek assistance, 19% did not know the availability of assistance, 14% did not believe such assistance would be useful, and 15% indicated a combination of the above factors (Table 4). Student Efforts to Seek Assistance: Out of 206 students who sought assistance, 60% consulted with their academic advisors and 30% with course instructors or respective departments. Only 4% indicated to have sought assistance with the University Center for Success (Table 5). Student Evaluation of Assistance Effectiveness: Of 154 students who sought help, 72% indicated that the assistance they were offered was effective resulting in grade improvements, enhanced self-confidence, remaining in major for the better, and changing major for the better. However, 28% indicated that the assistance they received was not effective at all (Table 6). Student Preference for Advising and Monitoring Services: Of 206 survey respondents, 147 (71%) indicated their preference for student monitoring and counseling services at school/college level (as opposed to counseling at the university level); and 92% indicated that they would seek assistance more often if such services were available at school/college level (Table 7). The Case for Academic Monitoring and Advising Center The findings of this study reveal that relatively low grades and high failure rates were maintained by upper level undergraduate students with the possibility of marketability problems. The findings further show that 28% of survey respondents said the assistance services they received were not effective. Another 28% of the respondents, of which 56% were juniors and seniors, did not seek help to resolve their academic and related problems. In addition, 71% of respondents indicated their preference for a school-level assistance services, and the overwhelming majority (92%) said they would seek help more often if such services were available at the school level. It follows that a school-specific academic monitoring and advisement center (AMAC), with a comprehensive agenda for student advisement and counseling, will be effective in improving student academic performance and marketability. The need for the AMAC is underscored by other studies. The main problems affecting student academic performance include inadequate background, working long hours, lack of time to study and seek advice, lack of time management skills, bad study habits and skills, and lack of self-confidence. Many students are also faced with various impediments in their pursuit of higher education and career objectives, including financial problems, family responsibilities, and social and extracurricular activities. Some of these activities do not only take away from the time needed for sleeping, attending class and studying, but they also cause considerable stress resulting in negative effects on academic performance as measured in terms of GPA (Womble 2001). The results of a survey of 239 university students enrolled in business and economics courses at North Carolina A&T State University indicated that most students did not have sufficient time to read the textbook and study, and that their absence from class was work related. The majority (56 %) of the students stated that they could not take lecture notes while listening, and 29 % said they could not understand the lecture (Norales and Addus 2003). Kelly et al (2001) classified college students into short sleepers (individuals who slept six or fewer hours a day), average sleepers (individuals with seven or hours of sleep a day), and long sleepers (individuals sleeping nine or more hours a day). They found that the individuals who represented long sleepers reported higher GPAs than the first two groups. Many students are admitted to a university as a result of their performance in examinations that do not demand the same preparation levels required to succeed in higher education. Thus, one of the main factors affecting the academic performance of college and university students is the lack of adequate preparation skills (Beswick and Ramsden 1987). Entwistle et al (1989) studied the academic performance of electrical engineering students and found that low course grades were associated with inadequate study skills, and that many students had not established adequate independent study strategies required to succeed in higher education. Eikeland & Manger (1992) looked into factors affecting student achievement, especially those factors related to high failure and dropout rates. The findings showed that organized study habits had a positive impact on self confidence during the students’ first semester, but such study habits did not have a direct effect on grades until as late as their fourth semester in college. In a survey of close to 350,000 students attending four-year public and private colleges, over 70 items related to the students’ educational experiences on the survey instrument were grouped into 12 factors. (1) The survey results indicated that out of these factors, public college/university students rated academic advising as the most important aspect of their educational experiences. Private college/university students rated academic advising second to only instructional effectiveness in importance. When students were asked to rate five items (2) comprised academic advising, both public and private college/university students rated the academic advisor’s approachability and the academic advisor’s knowledge about major requirements as strengths–meaning most important and most satisfying (Noel-Levitz 2003). In general, the success or failure in higher education are not explained by the student attributes or faculty teaching efficiency in isolation, but by the complex interactions between students and the learning environments they experience (Entwistle 1990). Thus, students are in need of comprehensive advisement, counseling and support services including time management, stress management, efficient study style, habits and skills, reading, writing, and lecture note taking skills, and other support services. These must help students enhance their capacity to master the relevant subject, self confidence, verbal and written communication, academic performance, and to be competitive and productive members of the community. Academic Monitoring and Advising Center The findings of this study, along with the discussion of relevant literature, suggest that a school-specific AMAC, with a comprehensive agenda for student advisement and counseling, will be effective in improving student academic performance and marketability. The primary purpose of the AMAC is to enhance student academic performance and produce marketable graduates by providing extended assistance and guidance to students in academic activities and related areas. At North Carolina A&T State University there are university-wide student support services, including the Center for Student Success (which is focused on student retention) and school-level academic assistant services. In addition, there are programs which are designed to mentor students with high academic standing, in collaboration with potential employers, to prepare them for the real world work environment upon graduation. However, many students who for various reasons fail to perform to their potential levels deserve to be uplifted through a similar program provided by the AMAC. Compared with university-wide academic counseling services available for students, the AMAC will be more effective for needy students can be given individual and unique attention suited to their specific needs by their respective schools. In addition to regular advisement provided by academic advisors, the AMAC will provide counseling services for students who fail to reach a minimum GPA of 2. 50 during each semester. To start with, such students will be able to discuss issues regarding specific courses and their course loads with an advisor from the AMAC, and receive advice on how to successfully manage their time and handle their course loads. Also, the AMAC if necessary, can suggest changes in course, course loads and schedule to help the students balance their time between school and work. As mentioned above, one of the biggest problems that many students have is lack of time and time management skills. If this problem is solved early, students will be able to maintain a more marketable GPA. The AMAC will continuously monitor students and evaluate their grades throughout each semester to insure that these students continue to do well in the school, and graduate within a reasonable period of time. Students who need assistance must be identified at the appropriate time and be given intensive advice and counseling. It will maintain a data base for all students in the School of Business and Economics with an overall GPA of 2. 50 or less. The data can be collected from student applications, academic records, and surveys (Seidman, 1996). The AMAC will coordinate its activities with university programs designed to provide remedial services to students with deficient backgrounds. It will refer students to other departments and and University support services for problems outside its responsibilities. Such intensive intervention will likely help not only improve academic performance, but also retain students and enable them to graduate with decent grades. Student participation in the AMAC’s program shall enhance their capabilities to improve their academic standing through sound advice and counseling which will positively influence their attitude toward learning and grades, time management skills and study habits. The AMAC will further facilitate development of university policies and programs designed to overcome academic deficiencies and encourage students to stay in school and achieve their academic and career objectives. Conclusions Academic advising is a very important aspect of students’ educational experiences in higher education. In order to enhance teaching and learning effectiveness, higher education institutions must listen to their students unique needs and priorities by assessing assistance services available to students. The results of such assessments can be used to develop targeted action plans for serving specific student population. The results of the analyses of data obtained from the School of Business and Economics grade reports and a survey of students enrolled in business and economics courses at North Carolina A&T State University, along with other relevant literature, imply that many college students need a school-specific academic monitoring and advisement services at an early stage of their college career. It is apparent that it becomes difficult, if not impossible, for junior and senior students to make meaningful grade improvements due to the short span of time available to them during their last years of study before graduation. This may pose a serious marketability problem for some of the graduates of these programs with low grades. In the real world of ever increasing globalization and more competitive job market environments, college students need to acquire higher skills and GPAs. The proposed AMAC is certainly a first step to guide needy students in this direction. References Beswick, D. and Ramsden, P, (1987). How to Promote Learning with Understanding. Working Paper 87:1. Melbourne: Center for the Study of Higher Education, University of Melbourne. Eikeland, O. J. and Manger, T. (1992). Why Students Fail During Their First University Semesters. International Review of Education 38(5), 489-503. Entwistle, N. J. (1990). How Students Learn and Why They Fail. Paper Presented at Conference on Talent and Teaching, University of Bergen. Entwistle, N. J. , Hoursell, D. , Macaulay, C. , Situnayake, G. and Tait, H. (1989). Success and Failure in Electrical Engineering Courses in Scotland. Summary of a Report to the SED. Edinburgh: Department of Education and Center for Teaching, Learning and Assessment. University of Edinburgh. Fielding, G. J. (1985). Transportation Education, Part Two. Report of Joint Conference, Eno Foundation Board of Directors and Board of Consultants. Transportation Quarterly, 39(2), 207-233. Kelly, W. E. , Kelly, K. E. and Clanton, R. C. (others) (2001). â€Å"The Relationship between Sleep length and Grade-Point-Average among College Students,† College Student Journal. Noel-Levitz Research (2003). â€Å"Academic Advising Highly Important to Students,† www. noellevitz. com. Norales, Francisca O. and Addus, Abdussalam A. (2003). â€Å"University Students’ Learning Efforts,† Texas Business and Technology Educators Association Journal, Vol. VII, No. 1. Seidman, A. (1996). Retention revisited: R = E, ID + E & In, Iv. Journal of College Student Retention. 71(4), 18-20. Wiley, III, Ed (1993). Re-Emphasizing Teaching. Black Issues in Higher Education. Womble, Laura P (2001). â€Å"The Impact of Stress Factors on College Students’ Academic Performance,† Working Paper, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, N. C. ABDUSSALAM A. ADDUS Associate Professor DAVID CHEN Associate Professor ANWAR S. KHAN Professor Emeritus Department of Economics and Transportation/Logistics North Carolina A&T State University Notes. (1) the factors are: academic advising, campus climate, campus Life, campus Support Services, concern for the Individual, instructional Effectiveness, recruitment and financial aid effectiveness, registration effectiveness, responsiveness to diverse population, safety and security, service excellence, and student centeredness. (2) the items are: the academic advisor’s approachability, the academic advisor’s knowledge about major requirements, the academic advisor’s concern about the student’s success as an individual, the academic advisor’s assistance to set goals and work toward, and the clearness and reasonableness of major requirements. Table 1 Grade Distribution of Students in the School of Business and Economics by Classification, Fall 1998 Grade Range Classification Freshman Sophomore Junior No. % No. % No. % 3. 50-4. 00 20 6 46 19 20 10 3. 00-3. 49 26 7 44 18 32 16 2. 50-2. 99 45 13 62 25 45 23 2. 25-2. 49 33 9 33 13 33 17 2. 00-2. 24 37 10 28 11 34 18 Below 2. 00 200 55 35 14 31 16 Total 361 100 248 100 195 100 Chi-square: 278. 38 * Grade Range Classification Senior All No. % No. % 3. 50-4. 00 18 7 104 10 3. 00-3. 49 42 17 144 13 2. 50-2. 99 90 35 242 24 2. 25-2. 49 47 18 146 14 2. 00-2. 24 44 17 143 13 Below 2. 00 14 6 280 26 Total 255 100 1059 100 Chi-square: 278. 38 * Note: * Statistically significant at 5 percent probability level. Source: School of Business and Economics, NC A&T State University. Table 2 Profile of Survey Respondents Item Frequency Percent Gender (n = 206): Male 99 48. 1 Female 107 51. 9 Classification (n = 206): Freshman 21 10. 2 Sophomore 61 29. 6 Junior 77 37. 4 Senior 47 22. 8 Major Area Unit (n = 206): Business and Economics 140 68. 0 Other Areas * 66 32. 0 * Include Arts and Science, Education, and Engineering. Table 3 Distribution of Number Problems for Students who Sought. Assistance * (n = 154) Classification Number of Problems and Gender One Two Three Four Five Six Total Plus Classification: Freshman 4 1 3 2 1 2 13 Sophomore 16 4 7 9 8 2 46 Junior 14 14 12 6 4 7 57 Senior 6 7 14 7 3 1 38 Total 40 26 36 24 16 12 154 Gender: Male 19 15 15 11 8 6 74 Female 21 13 19 13 8 6 80 Total 40 26 36 24 16 12 154 * Problems include adding/dropping courses, choosing major, changing major, improving grades, time management, internship opportunities, personal problems which affect academic performance. Table 4 Distribution of students who did not Seek Assistance (n = 52)  frequency Percent of Total Classification: Freshman 9 17. 3 Sophomore 14 29. 9 Junior 19 36. 5 Senior 10 19. 3 Total 52 100. 0 Gender: Male 25 48. 1 Female 27 51. 9 Total 52 100. 0 Reason for not Seeking: Did not have problems 10 19. 2 Did not have time 9 17. 3 Did not know availability of assistance 10 19. 2 Did not believe it is useful 7 13. 5 Combination of last three 8 15. 4 Other reasons 8 15. 4 Total 52 100. 0 Table 5 Student Efforts to Seek Assistance for Academic Problems (n = 154) Assistance sought from Frequency Percent Academic Advisor 89 59. 7 Department/Course instructor 44 29. 5. University Center for Success 6 4. 0 SOBE resource Lab 3 2. 0 University Counseling Service 3 2. 0 Career Counseling 2 1. 4 Financial Aid 2 1. 4 Table 6 Student evaluation of Effectiveness of Assistance Sought (n = 149) Item frequency Percent Grade improved 13 8. 7 Enhanced self-confidence 4 2. 7 Remained in major 15 10. 1 Changed major for better 16 10. 7 Two or more of above 60 40. 3 No effect 41 27. 5 Table 7 Student Preference for Counseling/Monitoring Services Location (n = 206) Item Frequency Percent Prefer student Counseling at school level Yes 147 71. 3 No 44 21. 4 Indifferent 15 7. 3. Would seek assistance more often if Available at school/college level) Yes 92 44. 7 No 15 7. 3 Not sure 45 21. 8 Indifferent 54 26. 2 Gale Copyright: Copyright 2007 Gale, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Economic Scene Colleges Are Failing in Graduation Rates Top of Form Bottom of Form †¢ Share By DAVID LEONHARDT Published: September 8, 2009 If you were going to come up with a list of organizations whose failures had done the most damage to the American economy in recent years, you’d probably have to start with the Wall Street firms and regulatory agencies that brought us the financial crisis. From there, you might move on to Wall Street’s fellow bailout recipients in Detroit, the once-Big Three. Multimedia [pic] From the Most Selective Colleges, More Graduates Related The College Dropout Boom Economix: Which Colleges Are Doing Their Job? Reader Responses: Failing Colleges Readers’ Comments Share your thoughts and read responses to readers’ comments from David Leonhardt on the Economix blog. †¢ Read All Comments (113)  » But I would suggest that the list should also include a less obvious nominee: public universities. At its top levels, the American system of higher education may be the best in the world. Yet in terms of its core mission — turning teenagers into educated college graduates — much of the system is simply failing. Only 33 percent of the freshmen who enter the University of Massachusetts, Boston, graduate within six years. Less than 41 percent graduate from the University of Montana, and 44 percent from the University of New Mexico. The economist Mark Schneider refers to colleges with such dropout rates as â€Å"failure factories,† and they are the norm. The United States does a good job enrolling teenagers in college, but only half of students who enroll end up with a bachelor’s degree. Among rich countries, only Italy is worse. That’s a big reason inequality has soared, and productivity growth has slowed. Economic growth in this decade was on pace to be slower than in any decade since World War II — even before the financial crisis started. So identifying the causes of the college dropout crisis matters enormously, and a new book tries to do precisely that. It is called â€Å"Crossing the Finish Line,† and its findings are based on the records of about 200,000 students at 68 colleges. The authors were able to get their hands on that data because two of them are pillars of the education establishment: William Bowen (an economist and former Princeton president) and Michael McPherson (an economist and former Macalester College president). For all the book’s alarming statistics, its message is ultimately uplifting — or at least invigorating. Yes, inadequate precollege education is a problem. But high schools still produce many students who have the skills to complete college and yet fail to do so. Turning them into college graduates should be a lot less difficult than fixing all of American education. â€Å"We could be doing a lot better with college completion just by working on our colleges,† as Robert Shireman, an Education Department official who has read an early version of the book, says. Congress and the Obama administration are now putting together an education bill that tries to deal with the problem. It would cancel about $9 billion in annual government subsidies for banks that lend to college students and use much of the money to increase financial aid. A small portion of the money would be set aside for promising pilot programs aimed at lifting the number of college graduates. All in all, the bill would help. But it won’t solve the system’s biggest problems — the focus on enrollment rather than completion, the fact that colleges are not held to account for their failures. â€Å"Crossing the Finish Line† makes it clear that we can do better. †¢ The first problem that Mr. Bowen, Mr. McPherson and the book’s third author, Matthew Chingos, a doctoral candidate, diagnose is something they call under-matching. It refers to students who choose not to attend the best college they can get into. They instead go to a less selective one, perhaps one that’s closer to home or, given the torturous financial aid process, less expensive. About half of low-income students with a high school grade-point average of at least 3. 5 and an SAT score of at least 1,200 do not attend the best college they could have. Many don’t even apply. Some apply but don’t enroll. â€Å"I was really astonished by the degree to which presumptively well-qualified students from poor families under-matched,† Mr. Bowen told me. They could have been admitted to Michigan’s Ann Arbor campus (graduation rate: 88 percent, according to College Results Online) or Michigan State (74 percent), but they went, say, to Eastern Michigan (39 percent) or Western Michigan (54 percent). If they graduate, it would be hard to get upset about their choice. But large numbers do not. You can see that in the chart with this column. In effect, well-off students — many of whom will graduate no matter where they go — attend the colleges that do the best job of producing graduates. These are the places where many students live on campus (which raises graduation rates) and graduation is the norm. Meanwhile, lower-income students — even when they are better qualified — often go to colleges that excel in producing dropouts. â€Å"It’s really a waste,† Mr. Bowen says, â€Å"and a big problem for the country. † As the authors point out, the only way to lift the college graduation rate significantly is to lift it among poor and working-class students. Instead, it appears to have fallen somewhat since the 1970s. What can be done? Money is clearly part of the answer. Tellingly, net tuition has no impact on the graduation rates of high-income students. Yet it does affect low-income students. All else equal, they are less likely to make it through a more expensive state college than a less expensive one, the book shows. Conservatives are wrong to suggest affordability doesn’t matter. But they are right that more money isn’t the whole answer. Higher education today also suffers from a deep cultural problem. Failure has become acceptable. Students see no need to graduate in four years. Doing so, as one told the book’s authors, is â€Å"like leaving the party at 10:30 p. m. † Graduation delayed often becomes graduation denied. Administrators then make excuses for their graduation rates. And policy makers hand out money based on how many students a college enrolls rather than on what it does with those students. There is a real parallel here to health care. Academic Performance of College Students. (2016, Oct 22).

Aztec empire art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aztec empire art - Essay Example Although there is no explicit evidence of bloodletting in the archeological records, there are strong beliefs that they practiced it. This is being proven by numerous ceramic spikes, thorns and artifacts which have been cited as blood letters. In Elmanati site, disarticulated skulls and femurs were found. In addition, the skeletons of newborn children were discovered. This leads to speculations that infant sacrifices were being conducted in these places. Nevertheless, it is yet unknown how these infants met their deaths. Innovation of writing by Olmec played a significant role in art and beliefs of later Mesoamerican cultures. In 2002, there was discovery of bird, speech scrolls and glyphs. These artifacts were crucial in enabling the Mesoamerican to organize their seasonal rituals. In addition, they were able to plan their activities that were significant in improving their religious beliefs. Hieroglyphs such as Epi-Olmec were also crucial in developing the Mesoamerican art. Chichen Itza and Tula have many similarities in art and architectural designs. Both cities had similar temples, an aspect that indicated that there was a close relationship between the two sites. People in these areas have similar religious structures that they used to appease their gods. In addition, the Sacred Cenote, which was a large cylindrical and natural sinkhole, had a religious importance to the local people. Tula copied some of the architectural designs from such structures. This is an indication that Itza was established before Tula. Major beliefs in Tula had some similarities with those of Itza. The artifacts indicate that the carvings and the writings had major similarities. For instance, both cities portrayed a close relationship with Plumed Serpent. The art and architecture includes different depiction of him. In addition, the carvings of big-nosed god had some relationship between

Equity Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equity Theory - Essay Example Equity theory is useful to understand why people behave in a certain manner that satisfy their desires and how they relate to these achievements. It is based on the simple belief that every employee in the organization wants to be treated fairly in relation to others. Here, the two aspects, i.e. ‘fairness’ and ‘relativity with others’ vary among individuals; these perceptions are greatly influenced by sociocultural aspects to a great extent. Many management researches have indicated that managing people in the contemporary global organizations that consist of employees from different sociocultural backgrounds has been a great challenge. Motivational needs vary in different cultures, which makes the managers’ job even more difficult to motivate their people according to what the employees perceive as a source of their motivation. In such situations, managers can improve their awareness of their people’s motivational needs through better people c onnect and interpersonal relationship. Other than actual motivational needs of every individual, managers can strive to know the extrinsic and intrinsic motivational factors of their people. In order to establish equity, organizations ensure goals and expectations are set, and reward schemes are made. All individuals will be rewarded in accordance with these policies and plans, which will cater to the extrinsic motivation. However, managers will have to make an effort to understand the intrinsic motivational factors for their people.

Mathematics and National Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Mathematics and National Curriculum - Essay Example This difference in the opinions enables the abstract mathematics intellect to perform mathematical operations for the sake of mathematics itself, and to use mathematics as a tool to actually resolve the real problems. According to Kister, mathematics has grown into a tremendous structure constituting more than sixty classes of mathematical activities (Kister, 1992). The ideologies of mathematics possess a distinctly extensive verve. For instance, the Babylonian explanation for quadratic equations holds the same significance as it had past 4,000 years (The Georgia Framework, 1996). In the vein of other sciences, mathematics imitates the decrees of the material vicinity around us and serves as an authoritative instructional implement for comprehending nature. Nevertheless, mathematics is yet again classified by its autonomy from the material world. The intangible behavior of mathematics gave rise in relic to the essential difference in opinions of mathematics as a substance of discours e and also as an element for implementation. Mathematical notions are long-lasting and keep on expanding with time. New mathematical notions are developed on the other, bigger mathematical notions or propositions (The Georgia Framework, 1996). Equivalence can be brought in to existence to incessant improvisation where recent practices can be enhanced upon, provided with innovative efforts and time. More often than not, improvisation does not take place without attempting, and it quintessentially doesn't crop up swiftly. Too often, the problems are resolved, and new-fangled arenas of mathematics produced by gaping at getting on problems in new ways. A centralized way of examination in abstract mathematics is recognizing in each field of study a small set of foundation notions and regulations from which all the other appealing ideologies and regulations in that area can be rationally inferred. In the vein of other scientists, mathematicians are meticulously delighted when the earlier disparate parts of mathematics happened to be derived from one another, or from some more common abstract. Fraction of the sense of aesthetic which many people have imagined in mathematics lies not in the location of the paramount elaborateness or intricacy but on the divergence, in locating the economy and straightforwardness in apex of delineation and testimony, with the progress of mathematics, supplementary associations have been found amongst the parts of it which have been growing dissimilarly. These uncanny associations allow the thoughtfulness to be developed in to the several parts so that they, collaboratively, reinforce the conviction in t he corrigibility and fundamental alikeness of the entire anatomy. According to Smith, the significance or importance of Mathematics is for its own sake, for the reason that it is a universal language and sagacious implement-kit for

Smoking Tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smoking Tobacco - Essay Example Furthermore, the research paper intends to discuss on the adverse effects of tobacco smoking to the body and the various measures that would help on how to discourage smoking: information drive on the diseases that can be acquired from smoking tobacco, the government intervention to lower down the number of cases of teenage smoking, and policies that would help reduce the consumption of tobacco products among others. Teenage smoking in the UAE is constantly alarming the government with more teens engaging into tobacco smoking. A recent report divulges that one out of five teenage boys in UAE smokes (Bell n.p.). Basically, this number is high posing 20% rate on the teenage smoking case in the country. The researcher contemplates on the potential reasons that contribute to the easy access that allows teenage boys to smoke. If the level of accessibility can be lowered down to an extent that their consumption of tobacco products can be controlled, then the numbers would obviously go down. In a recent article written by Jennifer Bell for The National, she wrote that experts consider the cheap price of tobacco products and inadequate education about the health risks associated with tobacco smoking as main causes for the increasing number of teenagers engaging into tobacco smoking. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion of this topic by posing questions that are significantly relevant to the causes of teenage smoking: can changes in policies concerning the distribution of tobacco products help in reducing the number of teenagers engaging in tobacco smoking? How do we ensure that teenage kids are well-educated about the adverse effects of tobacco smoking to their health? The target audiences of this research are the government and the teenage smokers. First, the government because they have to initiate ways on how to lower down cases of teenage smoking; second, teenagers

Critical Review of the Research of Assistive Technology Essay

Critical Review of the Research of Assistive Technology - Essay Example However, research proves that teachers, as well as school administrations, have not fully addressed this matter. The instruction problem that this paper will address is mathematics, and how students with disabilities relate to it. Even though in the dark, teaching math to disabled students is undergoing radical change. Fresh developments comprise of mechanisms to classify children who have trouble with math in their early grades and ways of helping these students solve mathematical problems (Becks, 2010). Moving from computational math to a conceptual framework, these mechanisms ensure that disabled students are ready to tackle complex subjects such as algebra and geometry. Even though, not all students with disabilities have mastered every computational element of mathematics, these mechanisms have assisted many in developing their mathematical skills. In fact, teachers, in the future, particularly special education teachers, might need to reorganize their entire approach to teaching math (Gillam, 2011). Teachers, in the future, should place more emphasis on understanding the essential principles of math than just teaching, as well as making the subject open and significant to disabled students. Some of the key developments, mathematical-wise, are the screening for mathematics and teaching transference with "hot math" (Council for Exceptional Children, 2011). Word problems are an abomination to a lot of students, with and without disabilities. However, when students with disabilities run into these demons, they experience more challenges than normal students. They have trouble reading the problem, or they might just take the numbers and add them up, ignoring what is to be solved (Schlosser, 2008). Researchers have come up with a technique of screening for mathematics in these students as a way of noting which student can do well in mathematics. Screening students for mathematics

Smoking Tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smoking Tobacco - Essay Example Furthermore, the research paper intends to discuss on the adverse effects of tobacco smoking to the body and the various measures that would help on how to discourage smoking: information drive on the diseases that can be acquired from smoking tobacco, the government intervention to lower down the number of cases of teenage smoking, and policies that would help reduce the consumption of tobacco products among others. Teenage smoking in the UAE is constantly alarming the government with more teens engaging into tobacco smoking. A recent report divulges that one out of five teenage boys in UAE smokes (Bell n.p.). Basically, this number is high posing 20% rate on the teenage smoking case in the country. The researcher contemplates on the potential reasons that contribute to the easy access that allows teenage boys to smoke. If the level of accessibility can be lowered down to an extent that their consumption of tobacco products can be controlled, then the numbers would obviously go down. In a recent article written by Jennifer Bell for The National, she wrote that experts consider the cheap price of tobacco products and inadequate education about the health risks associated with tobacco smoking as main causes for the increasing number of teenagers engaging into tobacco smoking. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion of this topic by posing questions that are significantly relevant to the causes of teenage smoking: can changes in policies concerning the distribution of tobacco products help in reducing the number of teenagers engaging in tobacco smoking? How do we ensure that teenage kids are well-educated about the adverse effects of tobacco smoking to their health? The target audiences of this research are the government and the teenage smokers. First, the government because they have to initiate ways on how to lower down cases of teenage smoking; second, teenagers

Decreasing population Essay Example for Free

Decreasing population Essay Decreasing population growth rates and increasing longevity have resulted in a growing population of the elderly the world over. Caring for the steadily growing aging population is a global concern today. In the words of United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan (2002): We are in the midst of a silent revolution. It is a revolution that extends well beyond demographics, with major economic, social, cultural, psychological and spiritual implications. And it is a revolution that hits developing nations harder than others, and not just because the majority of older persons live in developing countries, but because the tempo of ageing there is already and will continue to be far more rapid. Among the developed countries, the United States of America is an example of the rapid growth of the aging population. In 1991, the average life expectancy at birth in the United States was 75. According to the U. S. Bureau of Census (1996), persons aged 65 and older formed 13% of the total population; current projections put this figure to reach about 20% between the years 2020 and 2030. Aging primarily is a physiological life-long process, starting at conception and ending with death (Kart, 1994). Persons grow old whether they like it or not. These changes, both positive and negative, place demands on the aging person’s abilities to cope with and adapt to new life situations. It is a challenge for any given society to assist their aged in coping with the new life situations they are facing. Unfortunately, the rapid social changes taking place in society do not always lend themselves toward helping the elderly meet the demands of their life situations. For one, the attitude toward this population is not helping them cope with it as well. According to historian Fischer (1977), the old is regarded as useless, unattractive, and unwanted especially in the west. Colonial America, for example, was a place in which the old, not the youth, was exalted and venerated, honored and obeyed. Today’s America, however, is characterized by more negative than positive sentiments about aging and old age transformation. A period of gerontophobia has slowly succeeded the era of gerontophilia (Fisher, 1977, in Doress-Worters, Siegel, 1994). Traditional cultures have often held their elders in high regard, seeing them as storehouses of wisdom to be transmitted to the next generations; older women, especially, are often seen as healers (Doress-Worters Siegel, 1994). The book of Exodus (20; 12) says, â€Å"Honor your father and your mother, that you may have a long life in the land which the Lord, your God, is giving you† and the book of Sirach (3; 12,13 ff.) says, â€Å"My son, take care of your father when he is old; grieve him not as long as he lives. Even if his mind fails, be considerate with him; revile him not in the fullness of your strength†¦Ã¢â‚¬  To adjust and to thrive in a new environment, the elderly need to be physically healthy, to have societal support, adequate finances, medical care, recreational facilities, and have defined social roles and the like. Agencies and private personnel which set up homes for the aged may look at the increasing number of ageing people as just business opportunities. Most of these homes-for-the-aged may not have trained personnel to deal with the psychological and emotional problems the elderly face especially the issues related to their having to be â€Å"institutionalization†, or being â€Å"abandoned† by their children (Butler et al. , 1998). Even some counselors have the attitude that their time and energy are better utilized working with younger people who may eventually contribute to society, than wasting it on the older people (Gladding, 2000). It is unfortunate that the old have, in some sense, become the new outcasts of this society. This study therefore, looked into the experiences of the senior citizens of Gladys Spellman in the home for the aged, their understanding or idea of well-being and the components of well being based from the perceptions of Gladys Spellman administrators. As more and more elderly are placed under institutionalized care in contemporary society, a study such as this is needed to explore this phenomenon. It would shed light into the subjective lived experiences of the aged from an administrators’ view point. This would also contribute to the literature in this area and serve as groundwork for further studies in this area.

Understanding The Human Resource Analytics Model Commerce Essay

Understanding The Human Resource Analytics Model Commerce Essay Human Resource is defined as the division of the organization that deals with recruitment which include the hiring and firing, setting the organizations salary scale and other related benefits, staff performance, staff training and general issues that concern the employees of the organisation. The main objective of human resource is to assist the organization to meet its intended purpose by motivating, and retaining employees and also being able to manage them effectively and efficiently That is to say that the Human Resource approach seeks to ensure a balance between the administration of an organizations workforce, and the entire deliberated administration of the company (Marcus1999). Analytics models referrers to the approach that the human resources apply to ensure that the organizations are getting the best results in all areas concerned. This essay will focus on the existing models of human resources and try to bring out the best-applied models for efficiency and profitability of any given organization. Analytics models helps in various ways, potentiality and organization measurement systems in the absence of analytics models can be compared to someone searching for an item where theres light, and not necessarily where the item is likely to be found. Improvement in information technology often provides technological competence that is far beyond the capacity of the decision science and procedures to utilize them appropriately (Jeffrey P. (2002). Therefore it is quite usual to find organizations that have focused substantial resources creating sophisticated study and technology presentation within the measures of effectiveness, or measures that largely originate from the accounting system. The irony is that real insights are most likely to be found in location where there arent regular accounting systems. The substantial development in HR contracting out, where efficiency is often the core value intention and IT technology is the main device, has worsened this subject matter. Yet with faulty measures meant for the correct point may be more shinning than very sophisticated measures forecasted in the wrong points. First of all a lot of commentators describe the behaviour of human resource specialists as sway from one problem to another. Trying to settle down disputes is one of the tasks involved, especially when conflicts are likely to explore. It is the duty of human resource gurus to take preventive measures, by initiating guidelines and training the staff on how to comply with those set guidelines, this is a good tool to use in managing crisis and risks. However a sincerely strategic duty for HR has shown elusive to most people (Marcus 1999). Being sincere, many HR experts earn their living by first looking down upon HR as not being limited on strategic contribution, and thus offering a solution, which can be used to bring out a concrete solution. Most of these solutions include scorecards or dashboards of tracking down and reporting the results of realizing the proposed policies. There are a number of theoretical models which go way beyond the recording model of measurement, to critically check the reason why the use of the particular measures. This method is known as HR analytics. In the recent years HR analytics has been on the forefront with the view of many publications introducing official models. Theoretical explanations and some study outcome have been stressed, and the procedural standards required in setting up the need of HRM programs and participation. A totally efficient HR ability, nonetheless, is able to deliver substantial approach towards the difference between human resource management implementation and programs involvement in the overall employees and organization performance. Among other outcomes, an effective HR will be able to give priority to human capital on the basis of the organizational value, which they produce; it should also provide essential input towards the financial and operational strategy (Brian and David 2001). This should also be able to recognize that the organization have the people potentiality in order to be able to meet the adjustment in business environment and structure. It should also be able to support large number of employees in revolution, where the traditional HR, training and growth roles are restructure and put in with the new business plans. According to the LAMP model, there are four major components, which are critical to strategic change. These components include: Logic, Analytics, Measures and Process (Cascio and Boudreau 2008). It is believed that lack of proper logic, and then it will not be possible to predict the future. The logic component of any measurement system gives the story behind and the relationship between the numbers and the effects and the results. A good examples take account the components of revenue costs, the elements which determine the value of better selection, and the connections that associate employee well-being and crucial business end products. Improper logic is always the reason behind the why most HR experts use proper measurement systems, but dont make sense at all to the involved parties. Where proper logic is in place then, it is quite easy to assist other managers outside the HR career to comprehend and utilize the measurement systems to improve their judgment (Casicio and Boudreau 2008). In the measuring the employee turnover, there has been much argument in relation to suitable guidelines to be used in calculating turnover and its costs, or the accuracy and the probability on how employee turnover should be calculated. The current turnover-reporting systems may be estimated as turnover rates for almost any employee group and business section. Equipped with such systems, heads of departments slice and dice the statistics in various ways, each supervisor following his or her own best theory regarding turnover and why it matters. In most cases, the theories are never good enough and thus measures may not help, thus, LAMP model does not support good measurement. The other element, which the LAMP model focuses on, is process. Whereas measurement have influence on decision making and performance, and those take place within a huge organization, knowledge of structure, and organizational social customs. Consequently, efficient measurement method must match with a change management procedure that replicates values of training and transfer of knowledge. Thus, human resource measures and the reason that supports it are part of change process. The first step in effective measurement is to make managers to understand that HR investigation is achievable and helpful. The way forward is not automatically to present a very complicated analysis. Rather the best method could be to present fairly straightforward measures and analyses that correspond with the psychological models, which might be already in use. Estimating turnover costs can show how millions of dollars can be conserved with decline on turnover (Cascio and Boudreau 2008). Other managers outs ide HR have said that a turnover-cost analysis was the initial step in realizing that skill and company decisions had substantial outcome on the profits and accounting procedures, which they can relate with. Apparently, measuring only the cost of turnover is not enough for proper decision-making. Managers may trim down the number of applicants who should be interviewed by raising the criteria for selection. The lower the standards, the bigger the number of applicants will apply and the lesser interviews will be carried out to fill a vacant position. Obviously, reducing the standards will bring issues that far overshadow the cost savings by conduction less interviews! However, the process element of the LAMP framework is a reminder that the best way to introduce a change process may be first to look at the turnover costs, to establish early awareness that the same method used for accounting, operational, and marketing investments can also be used in human resources. According to the Human Capital Management HCM model, any organization that intends to get the best results has to connect investments in workforce to bottom-line organization outcome. Some evidence has proved the link between employee development and strategic profits. For example, companies that devote proper HR strategies seem to attain enhanced profits compared to the ones that use other ancient approaches. Although it still not clear whether a good HR management enhances better financial performance or whether better financial performance enables a more strategic tactic to HR management similar problem is there in the research for employee motivation. Thus, the ability of success in organizations that pays well and facilities than other organization can lead employees high turnover rate in the poor paying organizations (Fitz-Enz 2010). Secondly, from the investment point of view, it is also required that measures be useful. Managers would like to know where to invest for future -both in terms of the type of talents that the employees require in order to accomplish the companys long-term plan. In terms of the type of human resources potentiality the organization requires to achieve, nurture and maintain employees with such talents. For example, HR managers and their colleagues in accounts and marketing want to evaluate the risks related to people in relation to the latest technology, new markets and new requirements. The higher performance needs managing human capital currently and even for the future to be able to manage in a way that is in line with the companys strategic goals (Fitz-Enz 2010). Both the LAMP model and HCM model agree on the issue of measurement. The only difference is that the HCM model puts more weight on expansion against increase is a subject of both aggressive environment and planning, but following its ability to produce value is a limited set of abilities or implementation drivers, for example, its capability to come up with new ideas, to fulfill customers needs and to produce quality. The challenge of effectively linking human capital development to financial performance is three-phases: first of all measures must take into account direct and indirect consequence, secondly the procedure must be straightforward, repeatable and gives a possible result; and lastly outcome require to be put together so that strategies and prediction can depend on it. While LAMP model cconcentrates on more time and interest is given to improve the quality of HR measures, based on issues such as suitability, comprehensiveness, consistency and reliability. These are definit ely essential principles, but missing a framework, they can be performing far beyond their optimal standards or they can be applicable to areas where they have less effect. It continues to say that accuracy alone is not a solution. There are a number of ways that human resource can be able to measure more precisely and accurately. These measures involve finances, which should be focused on where it has the biggest profit, not just where progress is quite noticeable. Companies mostly give more interest to some fundamentals of their tangible stocks more than others. Sure enough, a famous theory is the 80-20 rule which implies that 80 percent of the crucial difference in stocks costs or quality is usually determined by 20 percent of the tangible stocks (Cascio Boudreau 2008). That is to say, whereas companies actually aim at 100 percent of their stocks, they end up with the significant 20 percent with more accurate, more reliable, and with bigger responsibility decision-making. The employee turnover is not equally significant all over. But becomes significant where turnover costs are extremely high, or it corresponds to a significant risk to profits or crucial companys possessions. For example when an employees leaves the organization and goes with a good number clients with them or when they have a wealth of knowledge that is not easy to replace, it is alright to trace turnover keenly and with greater accuracy. However, this is not to say that you keep on reporting on turnover. It simply implies that the turnover measurements in such conditions should look particularly on what more important. If turnover is a threat because to the loss of major capabilities, then the rate of turnover should be stratified to identify those with unique talent from others. If turnover is a threat because of losing clients when the employees leave, then the rate of turnover should not look on differences on talents, but rather should be stratified in accordance with the risks of losing clients. In the absence of a general logic on how turnover affects organization or its growth, managers may have assumption which may be wrong or harmful (Cascio and Boudreau 2008). Conversely Education is also a very important aspect of change process. The return-on-investment (ROI) principal from finance is essentially a powerful instrument for enlightening leaders on the major equipment of financial assessment. Similarly, it is considered that HR measurements will be used more and more to inform components and will become surrounded within the organizations training and awareness frameworks. In human resources career, there are many logical structures, which include remuneration framework, employees motivation models, and also job contracts. All these are very handy, but they are not adequate enough to link decisions about investments in human resource agendas to the set results. On the other hand, some have opted for a service-value-profit structure in regards to customer care. This framework requires a closer look to the relationship between HR and management customs, which affects the employee motivation and in the long affect the customer relation. In the case of affected customer relation the sales turnover is also affected and the general strategic goals. In my view, measuring is very important, but what should be measured is the major question. Most managers lack the knowledge of what is to be measured and how it should be measured. With proper training in place, all managers should be able to know how to handle these issues, be able to motivate and nurture employees to reduce the rate of turnover in order for the organization to realize maximum profits. With good incentives, employees can be retained and thus the organization will benefit from the wealth of knowledge and experience that these employees possess. It is better to have employees with good experience background in that field than to keep on training them of the job requirements and they are not retained, the organization ends up being a training ground and the turnover rate is still on the increase. Therefore I would prefer the LAMP model to HCM.