Pediatric Developmental Analysis Essay

1. Describe the stage the client should be in based on the age. Refer to your text for this information. Include the characteristics of the stage. The client should be in the school age. The developmental task of the school age is to develop industry versus inferiority. The child at this stage is learning how to do things well. The children in this stage are encouraged in their efforts to do practical tasks or make practical things and are praised and rewarded for the finished results, so that their sense of industry grows. It is in this stage also that when children are not recognized and are thought of as mischiefs develops a sense of inferiority rather than pride and accomplishment. A child’s world during this age grows to include the school and community environment and the success or failure can have a big impact on the child and on his later stages of development. An important part of developing industry is learning how to solve problems. Parents and teachers help children in doing this by encouraging practice. They can foster this by allowing the child to commit mistakes and helping the child in the tasks in which he/she has a hard time to do. At this age the child has the ability to view concepts and retain ideas. 2. Describe the stage in which the client is actually functioning. Use the client’s behavior to support your claim. The client is in the in the school age where she actively participates in school. She participates in activities such as school plays, recital of poems and associate with her classmates. She can accomplish small tasks independently. She is able to collect items such as dolls. At this stage the child also enjoys helping in the kitchen making cookies and salads. She is also involved in simple science projects and experiments that promote her association skills and she has been able to achieve well in her class. She can tell the time, month and can count numbers more appropriately. She can even add and subtract simple numbers. 3. How was the client’s current health problem/admission interfered with accomplishing the developmental tasks for this child? The child has a fever and cough which interfered with her performance in accomplishing things.   The child cannot perform well at school and cannot perform the task that she used to because the fever makes her weak that is why the child feels no accomplishments have been made. Since the health condition of the child affects her performance the quality of the work is also at stake therefore the child is not able to accomplish the task there is no reward or recognition given to the child in turn the child may feel or develop inferiority. Health problems as simple as fever and cough, reduces the child’s chance of doing things and accomplishing things in order to get rewards or acknowledgement therefore the development during this stage may be hindered. 4. List activities/ interventions to support or promote this client’s growth and development.  · The client can be fostered with activities such as assembling and completing small projects so that the child feels rewarded for the accomplishment.  · Help the child gain independence even if admitted, at the hospital make the child a part of his care. You can do this by simply having the child perform his self care like brushing his teeth, dressing up and other self care activities that are not harmful to his/her condition.  · Allowing the child to read and write are activities that can help the child pass the hour of sickness.  · Promote adequate rest and sleep with activities.  · Parents can give encouragement by helping the child in difficult situations or advise them with alternative way of how to accomplish the difficult task.  · The parents can offer support to the child and praise the child for accomplishments.  · Allow the child to participate in school activities such as sports and other recreational activities  · Allow the child to make a mistake. If the child makes a mistake do not discourage him or her, instead explain to him why such things happen and encourage the child to pursue  · At home, give the child household responsibilities, such picking up the toys and other scattered materials that are not invasive.  · Allow the child to express feelings and concerns.

Hobbes’ And Locke’s Political Philosophy Essay

On Hobbes’ Political Philosophy Hobbes’ scientistic philosophy presupposed that man is the self-sufficient interpreter of the facts of life and that man can correctly define what the facts of life are. Similar to the Sophists, Hobbes asserted that the knowable facts of life are only particular empirical things. Thus, Hobbes asserted that universal words, such as good and evil, are incomprehensible to man in the objective sense as rooted in reality. Because they are non-empirical and universal, they are mere names. Like the Sophists, Hobbes was also a nominalist. Moreover, Hobbes asserted that metaphysical essences and metaphysical forms do not exist. God’s attributes are merely names that man thinks would honor Him. Thus, like the Sophists, there is no natural hierarchy tied to the essences or purposes of things, but only a realm of natural causes. For Hobbes, man existed individually in a state of nature before civil government was formed. He asserted that human equality is based upon an empirical condition, namely power. Man in the state of nature was obligated only to seek Peace by self-preservation. Hobbes embraced a negative theory of freedom. There was really no law in the state of nature because the obligation to seek peace was not declared from a higher power; no one had a Bible in the state of nature to proclaim to him the will of almighty God. As one who believed in God’s existence, Hobbes’ scientistic epistemology and ontology forced him to embrace theological voluntarism. Ultimately, morals are grounded in the arbitrary will of God rather than His character. Hobbes postulated that the superior will and power are the only legitimate grounds of law.[1] In terms of what is good and evil, just and unjust, the natural man in a state of nature did whatever he reasonably thought was right in his own eyes to preserve his life. If killing another person was deemed necessary to preserve his life, then it was good and just in the sense that it preserved the peace. Thus, because good and evil, just and unjust are mere names whose meanings no one can agree on, the state of nature is a state of war, every man against every man. And because man naturally avoids the risk of harm, he arms himself to preserve the peace.[2] For Hobbes, only civil society has a supreme sovereign to give the citizens the standard they so desperately need to judge between good and evil, virtue and vice. For Hobbes, good and evil are not objective ideas rooted in reality that man can conceive and understand with his own mind. Therein is the fountain from which springs forth the conflict of individual man in a state of nature. Man, as a risk avoider, contracts with his fellow man to leave the state of nature and create an artificial civil society in which a third party will act as the supreme power. Hobbes pointed, the will of the parties in their social contract create their duties to each other and to the third party. The third party, the king, must define for the society what is good and evil, just and unjust so that the natural war of all against all will cease. The king, however, is not a party to the contract. The king has no contractual duty to the citizens, but only a natural duty to God to seek peace. The king seeks peace by deterring evildoers (the king defines who is evil) by wielding the sword and restricting free speech. Thus, any punishment meted out by the government is for the purpose of deterring wrongdoing, not retribution. That is, the â€Å"evildoer† is neither punished because he necessarily deserves it nor punished proportionally to his just desert, but because the punishment is an example to others how seriously the king takes his duty to preserve the peace. Thus, logically, the king could â€Å"rightly† punish an innocent citizen. The only inalienable right the citizens have is the natural right to preserve their life. Thus, they contracted to obey the king; they did not contract not to resist the king when being punished. In the state of nature, no man is obligated to heed another person’s opinion or power. Every person has a right to all things, to define what is good and what is evil, even to kill a person if one does not trust him. For Hobbes, the primary means of achieving peace is by creating an â€Å"artificial† society through individual covenantal relationships (Ibid, 66). In De Cive, Hobbes defined a contract as â€Å"the act of two, or more, mutually conveying their rights† and a covenant as that which involves promises that bind one to perform in the future (Ibid, 35-36). Hobbes’ political theory involves more of a social covenant idea than a social contract. But he does tend to use the two terms interchangeably, as is evidenced below, perhaps signifying both that rights are given up and that one is bound to perform in the future with the creation of civil society out of the state of nature.[3] Most assuredly, Hobbes’ political philosophy is a recipe for a tyrannical and oppressive government Similar to the Sophists, Hobbes’ scientistic philosophy supports the argument that any philosophy that has scientific presuppositions and begins with physical particulars produces a negative view of freedom, a simple view of human equality based upon power, authority that is equated with mere power and sanction, a deterrence theory of punishment, a natural law that can only be known in selfish generalities, natural rights that are grounded in man’s self-interests, nominalism, and theological voluntarism. In addition, because the social contract or covenant is made with each other and not with the sovereign, the sovereign has no obligation to the people that arises from the social contract. The only obligation the absolute sovereign king has is to God. In Leviathan, Hobbes discusses why a king with such absolute power â€Å"will not take all, spoil all, kill all†. Hobbes states: â€Å"[T]hough by right, that is, without injury to them, he may do it, yet can he not do it justly, that is, without breach of the natural laws, and injury against God. And therefore there is some security for subjects in the oaths which princes take†.[4] Hobbes seems to say that the king would not be seeking peace, the one obligation of the natural law, if he sought to â€Å"take all, spoil all, and kill all†. But if the king does abuse his power, the citizens have an inalienable right to resist death. For Hobbes, the citizens contracted or covenanted away their natural right to all things, but one: the preservation of life. According to Hobbes, that is the one inalienable right that men have. In essence, men contract or covenant with each other that the king may kill them if they do not perform their contractual duty, not that they will not resist when then king attempts to kill them. Although the king can â€Å"sin †¦ against God,† in no situation â€Å"is the right taken away from him, of slaying those who shall refuse to obey him†.[5] Moreover, the king has the right â€Å"to judge what opinions and doctrines are enemies unto peace, and also that he forbid them to be taught†.[6] Hence, it is the sole purpose of having a civic government. On Locke’s Political Philosophy The state of nature refers to the natural pre-political state of man. Except for the fact that Locke believed man naturally is a social person in a family, he agreed with Hobbes that man is not naturally a social being. Similar to Hobbes, civil society is not natural, but artificial. In a state of nature, man was free within the bounds of the natural law and was equal in power in relation to everyone else to act as judge in his own case and controversy with anyone else. The natural law obligates man to preserve himself: to do no harm, and to preserve the community in the absence of competition.[7] Similar to Hobbes, Locke equated human equality with power. Although Locke believed in a positive view of freedom whereby man is free only within law, Locke failed to show that man could know the specifics of the natural law code and thus, he failed to show that man really possessed a positive freedom in the state of nature. Do no harm does not provide much moral guidance. In reality, like Hobbes, for Locke man possessed a negative freedom. Locke stated â€Å"state all men are naturally in†¦ is a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions, and persons as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man. A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another†.[8] Similar to the Sophists and Hobbes, Locke believed man began his existence in a state of nature. For Locke, the state of nature is divided into two historical stages. In the first stage, man had a natural property right over his own body. Everything else was naturally held in common. When a man labored over something that was held in common, he acquired property in it. Moreover, man had a natural right of subsistence, which was regulated by spoilage. In other words, what man possessed as property by mixing his labor with it was limited by what he could consume before spoiling. The second stage of the state of nature was initiated in by the invention and use of money. With the invention of money, man could enlarge his possessions way beyond what he could consume before spoiling. Money does not spoil. Although the use of money produced the unequal division of the earth, overall, Locke argues everyone is better off: For Locke, mankind socially compacted to form civil society for several reasons: first, some in the state of nature were ignorant of the law of nature, second some were biased by the amount of property they had, third, there was no impartial judge to resolve disputes, and fourth, there was no third power to execute the law of nature. Underlying all of these reasons to form civil society is, similar to the Sophists and Hobbes, man’s self-interested passion to preserve himself. Because not one theoretical or practical principle is written on man’s heart, the natural law is not written on man’s heart. Because the natural law can be known only from a lawmaker, those who are ignorant of God’s existence because they fail to apply their reason are ignorant of the natural law. For those who do apply their reason and come to know of God’s existence and the natural law, Locke claimed that they could know the natural law code as they could know the specifics of mathematics. But Locke never came close to showing that the specific moral code is capable of mathematical demonstration. Locke extremely overestimated how much moral knowledge his empiricist epistemology could deliver. Locke’s empiricist epistemology could not demonstrate in detail what was good or evil, just or unjust For Locke, man’s conscience is nothing other than his own opinion of what is right and wrong. Thus, similar to the Sophists and Hobbes, Locke was essentially a skeptic. God’s natural law governs his creatures. Although Locke wrote of God’s right and authority to rule over his creatures, Locke never justifies his assertion. Locke never demonstrated that God was anything except the most powerful being that could compel obedience through rewards and punishments. Locke’s empiricist epistemology does not allow him to draw the distinction between authority and mere power. Thus, like Hobbes, punishment for Locke was merely deterrence. Moreover, because Locke was so consumed with, and analyzed so thoroughly, the empiricist epistemology of natural law, Locke demonstrates clearer than Hobbes that scientism coupled with a belief in God leads to nothing but theological voluntarism, i.e., the law is ultimately grounded in God’s almighty will, not His unchanging character, such that God can will anything to be moral. Thus, whoever embraces an empiricist epistemology and at the same time, acknowledges God as the ultimate lawgiver, will be left with nothing but theological voluntarism. Thus, scientistic modernism destroyed the firm and unchanging foundation of civil law and the only real restraint to civil tyranny, namely, a natural law grounded in God’s eternal and unchanging character. Similar to Hobbes, the source of civil governmental power for Locke is the consent of the people. There are two natural powers that are given to civil society, the legislative and executive. The legislative power in any civil government is superior over the executive because it gives the laws to the executive. Some of man’s natural executive power is retained. This is so because man’s natural right of self-preservation is inalienable, i.e., it cannot be given over to civil government. Thus, men in civil society have a right to resist the civil government if, after a long train of abuses, their opinion on the basis of their feelings grounded in their experience is that the civil government has violated the natural law. The civil governmental authority puts itself into a state of war with the people when it repeatedly violates the natural law. Tyranny occurs when the civil government acts out of its own self-interest and does not protect the property of the people. Locke’s theory of civil resistance is weak, however, because he failed to demonstrate that the specific code of the natural law is knowable.[9] Similar to Hobbes, Locke’s empiricist epistemology made the end of civil government empirical, i.e., the self-preservation of the people. Locke’s theory of civil resistance is based upon the personal opinions of the people. Thus, Locke could support that notion that the civil government should tolerate every religious opinion that does not threaten the people’s physical property.[10] Moreover, Locke placed most religious beliefs in the realm of mere opinions. For Locke, only a few religious propositions were within the realm of demonstrative knowledge. Overall, Locke’s theory of religious toleration is a two-edged sword. In a sense, it encouraged theological relativism. In another sense, it allowed religious liberty, albeit seemingly equating toleration with liberty (negative freedom). Finally, if Hobbes’ political philosophy described how a society of skeptics could live together under one sovereign power, then Locke’s political philosophy described how a society of skeptics could live together by balancing their opinions with the civil government’s. Thus, contrary to Hobbes, Locke believed that a little civil resistance now and then is a good thing. Although Locke’s political philosophy guard’s against tyranny better than the political philosophy of the Sophists and Hobbes, similar to the Sophists and Hobbes, Locke’s scientistic philosophy supports the argument that any philosophy that has scientific presuppositions and begins with physical particulars produces a negative view of freedom, a simple view of human equality based upon power, authority that is equated with mere power and sanction, a deterrence theory of punishment, a natural law that can only be known in selfish generalities, natural rights that are grounded in man’s self-interests, nominalism, and theological voluntarism. BIBILIOGRAPHY Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan: Or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil, ed. Michael Oakeshott. New York: Simon &. Schuster, Inc., 1997. Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. [1]   Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan: Or the Matter, Forme and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil (New York: Simon &. Schuster, Inc., 1997), 54-63) [2] Ibid, 72-77. [3] Ibid, 11-21. [4] Ibid, 77. [5] Ibid, 79. [6] Ibid, 76. [7] Locke, John, Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988) 283-290. [8] Ibid, 263. [9] Ibid, 290-292. [10] Ibid.

Research proposal (add payment) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research proposal (add payment) - Assignment Example The main benefits of this topic and research is that it allows the managers of the 21st centaury understand how to motivate their employees based on the various theories that have been developed in the past. The main aim of this research is to use the knowledge gained from the past theories and to provide a clearer view to managers to help them be able to incorporate these theories into the current time in the corporate world. The research will also contain recommendations based on the various theories however will be a newer approach to fit into the current corporate world. Managing people at work is an essential element of any business. Human Resources Management is a specialised function by itself and requires to be managed with special care and attention. Employees are an asset to any company. Human resource management deals with managing these assets. Human resource management deals with ensuring that all the needs of employees are met and that the company receives the best from the employees. It is very important for the business to ensure that the employees that have been recruited are able to perform the duties both effectively and efficiently. The key ideas for managing people revolve around Psychology, Sociology, Unitarism, Pluralism, Contingency theory and Ethics (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004). There are a number of different strands of thoughts in the field of motivation of employees. There have been several scholars who have developed a number of theories about the optimum ways to manage people at work. The dissertation will include the theories of many that will be discussed further. The management theories to a great extent provide a clear ground work of this provides a steady base for this study. This is majorly because it is essential to understand the theories of management before moving into the motivational theories. Management theories are in a number if ways the first and most essential elements of business which every

Capstone Project- Project Structure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capstone Project- Project Structure - Assignment Example Clear description of type of information dissemination, including details about the types of visual aids and verbal presentation or demonstration strategies to be used to interact with audience members ANY LATE SUBMISSION OF ASSIGNMENTS WILL RECEIVE A MAXIMUM GRADE REDUCED TO 50% AS LATE PENALTIES. THE LATE PENALTIES MAY BE AVOIDED BY COMMUNICATING WITH YOUR COACHES VIA EMAIL. LATE PENALTIES ARE NOT APPLICABLE IF THE STUDENT HAS MADE PRIOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR LATE SUBMISSION WITH THE COACHES. You will use the chart to describe the structure of your Capstone Project. This is similar to the information that Continuing Education providers must submit to medical or licensing agencies to offer sanctioned, for-credit sessions for nurses and other medical personnel. You have already submitted your draft Outcomes and Content topics, so you will need to copy those to this assignment, making improvements or changes as necessary. For this assignment, you must also include at least three peer-reviewed article citations for each outcome (minimum total of nine references). You may include references that are not from peer-reviewed journals, but be judicious in their use, and do not include those in your count of required articles. Moore, N., Traluch, K., & Cooper, B. (2008). Comparison of obesity rates in the United States. Oklahoma Nurse, 51(6), 11. Retrieved from http://libproxy.uta.edu:2066/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2019581048&site=ehost-live Describe each visual aid, handout, and/or verbal presentation/demonstration strategy that your information dissemination would include. You may use the same strategies for each outcome, or you may â€Å"mix and match,† but provide some outline-level details for each outcome. Here are some of the types of visual aids you might use: Record the amount of time needed for each activity or part of your presentation. Include time for Q&A at the end of the presentation. Time refers to the time to

Critical evaluation of Agist policies, and age discrimination Essay

Critical evaluation of Agist policies, and age discrimination legislation in the UK , focusing on employment - Essay Example These may be related to older peoples use of, and relationships with, particular housing types or social care and health services. They may also be related to features of older peoples social, economic and cultural lives. Cross-cutting both of these disciplinary and subject contexts, older peoples relationships with their environments have been a sustained field of research interest. Most recently, the concern in ageing research for environment, space and place has become even more widespread. Two reasons may be suggested for this. First, this interest may be part of a wider emphasis on place as a central focus of investigation within a range of social science disciplines. Indeed, as part of cultural turns, many social sciences have recently undergone what may be termed spatial turns and have increasingly embraced the importance of space and place and how they may impact on, and represent, human experiences, behaviour and activity. Moreover, place has increasingly been conceptualised not only in a physical sense, but as a complex symbolic and cultural construction. Second, and more practically, academic interest in space and place has also been motivated by unprecedented demographic, social, fiscal and technological changes that have impacted simultaneously in many countries (McKeever and Coyte, 1999). Indeed, these are well documented, and include rapidly ageing populations, changing kinship relationships and responsibilities, an ever broader range of health and social care and increasingly limited resources with which to provide it. Together they have radically altered, and broadened, both the ways and the places in which health and social care is provided. Importantly, change has meant that the health care system is no longer hospital-based, discrete and bounded, but diffuse. Health care sites now include virtually every setting where human beings reside in, frequent and, importantly, live in (McKeever and Coyte, 1999). Being substantial

Privatization of Prisons Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Privatization of Prisons - Assignment Example Prisons help in protecting the citizens against the prisoners and at the same time offer the convicts a chance to be rehabilitated as they get punished for their felonies. The advantages of privatizing prisons include reduced costs of running them since private entities put more emphasis on cost management. The prisons will also be run more efficiently while considering issues such as prisoners’ health, and rehabilitation. Prisons should offer better living conditions and facilities than what is being offered currently. This can be achieved if the prisons are privatized. Privatization will ensure that the required infrastructure is well laid and rehabilitation is done effectively. Some analysts do not agree on the idea that private prisons help in cutting costs. One of the major concerns that come with the privatization of prisons is a loss of transparency. In a situation where transparency is lost, it will be hard to establish whether the judgment made by the judiciary is followed. Some of the privatized prisons may employ dubious tactics such as releasing of prisoners to reduce their number. Monopolization of the industry which can come with limited organizations offering the services can lead to dependency. This may adversely affect the services being offered since money may become the priority. The prisons should ensure that there is a mutual benefit when the prisoners are kept in prison to ensure that they are rehabilitated as well as punished for the crimes they committed.

Quadrant under Which MDCM Falls in Accenture IT Governance Model Case Study - 1

Quadrant under Which MDCM Falls in Accenture IT Governance Model - Case Study Example This was the result of inadequate and improper information technology implementation in the operations of the company (Jeffery, M & Norton, J. F, â€Å"IT Strategy Synchronization†). The paper will study the failure of the information technology practised in the company. The paper is also intended to provide with the strategic goals of the firm and the analysis of the competitive environment of MDCM Inc. The Accenture IT Governance Model enables to examine the way an organization’s information technology-based function creates value addition to the organization by the consideration the two factors i.e. ‘basis for competitive advantage’ and ‘rate of change in an organization’. In relation to the case, it can be observed that MDCM falls under information integrators. It has been identified that there was lower-rate-of-change in the organization. The organization primarily competed on the base of product/service differentiation. The management of the ‘information integrators’ generally expect to use information in order to improve their decision-making process. The information is expected to be used in order to create new products as well as services. The management of MDCM also sought for use of information in order to make their decision making the process faster, which would, in turn, enable them to enhance operational efficiency and redu ce the cost of operations (Jeffery, M. & Norton, J. F, â€Å"IT Strategy Synchronization†). One of the main strategic goals of MDCM was to reduce the production cost which was observed to be an extra expense of the company. The company was found to be lacking in making proper arrangement in its operational process which disabled the company to contact with the subsidiaries effectively. The main goal of the company stands to be determined in facilitating a smooth flow of information. The company needs to enhance its profitability by reducing its extra expenses. The company is observed to follow an obsolete email system. The new accommodated legacy system ‘Horizon 2000’ was noticed to increase the administration costs adding to the expenses of the company (Jeffery, M. & Norton, J. F, â€Å"IT Strategy Synchronization†).  Ã‚  

Maintenance of Social Hierarchies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Maintenance of Social Hierarchies - Essay Example Changing treatment technologies, immigration of people from other parts of the world, different perceptions of culture and treatment approaches as well as rise in rights and gender of special groups such as lesbians and gays demand that nurses must be culturally competent. This is to be able to truly care for the sick in different communities. Without cultural competency, it is extremely difficult to offer fair and equal nursing care to all. There are two models that were used to describe culture and diversity. They are the theory of culture care: Diversity and Universality and Purnell model of nursing. The theory of culture care: Diversity and Universality focus on nursing and consequences of health care services. It also put emphasis on culture and care relationship as it focus on individuals. Finally, the theory acknowledges that caring is a universal concept that vary across different cultures. Purnell model brings communication, bio-cultural, high-risk behaviors, nutrition, work force issues, pregnancy and childbearing practices, death rituals, health care practices and health care providers to explain culture more explicitly. The factors that have contributed to health disparities in underserved populations are racial and ethical differences, geographical isolation, lack of consumer involvement in decision making, poverty and lack of trained health care providers. There are a number of Socio-cultural factors that directly influence quality health care. The Socio-cultural factors include family roles, bio-cultural ecology, workforce issues, nutrition and spirituality. Family roles involve different roles played by male and female persons in the society. In some societies, nursing is a preserve for the female and patients may perceive men as incompetent in nursing field. Secondly, bio-cultural ecology is another factor that explains variation in ethnic and race. A person of a certain race may find it unacceptable for nurses from different races to care him o r her. The third factor is workforce issues. Some people prefer working as individuals or communicating in certain ways which may conflict with behavior of people from other cultures. Fourth factor is nutrition. Different communities like or dislike certain foods. Spirituality is another factor. Some people prefer use of black magic or herbs as opposed to modern medicine. The barrier to delivering quality health care includes poor communication, stereotyping, cultural blindness and ethnocentrism. The current perspective is that cultural competence / trans-culture is both a general practice and specialty area that focus on global cultures. A nurse is culturally competent if he or she posses four cognitive components. A nurse need to be culturally aware, should have a positive attitude towards different cultures, gain cultural knowledge and develop various cultural skills. The two ways of how health care providers can be culturally competent in organizations is first, through training and second, by getting immersed in the communities in which they

Public Relation Core Values Essay Example for Free

Public Relation Core Values Essay Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) has extremely important core ethical values that include advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness. All of which will help further a public relations practitioner in their career. Every practitioner handles every job differently, in a way thats going to benefit both the company they are working for as well as the public. Honesty should be the most important core value for every practitioner. Not only should it be the most important core value in the work field, it should also be the most important core value in everyones life as well. On the other hand, practitioners tend to ignore their core values while working. One of the biggest values they tend to ignore or overlook is fairness. Mark Twain once said, Honesty is the best policy; when there is money in it. This quote should be every public relations practitioner motto because being honest will always lead you to conducting better business with clients. Clients want honest individuals working for them because the company expects the practitioner to represent the company in a way thats going to gain the publics trust. When the public has your trust, they are going to shop at your company rather than one who puts out false advertisement and has a poor look in the publics eyes. Not only does the quotes speak for itself, but honesty is simply the best way to conduct business. Some practitioners try their hardest to provide equally fair service to every client. Fairness is a core value that all practitioners respect but is hard to do at times. When dealing with clients, employers, peers,vendors, competitors, and most important the public, its hard to keep everyone happy. Lets say a practitioner is dealing directly with a company for the release of a new product. The company producing the item may not want competitors knowing about it so they can keep the technological edge on its competitors but also at the same time they want the public to hear about whats new. Since they manage what information the public hears, its essential what they say. No matter what they say or dont say, someones always going to want more. With that being said, someones not going to be happy. Life in general isnt always fair, so when faced with a situation that can cause grey areas with others, do what you ethically think is the right thing.

Bottled Water Essay Example for Free

Bottled Water Essay A couple of decades ago, people turn to the tap for drinking water. Now, most people, both young and old, drink water from bottles. In fact, the demand for bottled water is so great that it has become a multimillion-peso business in the country today. Why is there a substantial growth in the demand for bottled water? The main reason is the increasing health consciousness of the people. Many people prefer bottled water because they question the cleanliness of tap water. The quality of tap water has been decreasing. To be safe, people choose bottled water to avoid drinking water that may be contaminated with harmful microorganisms. Contaminated water can cause diarrhea and other stomach disorders that kill, like dysentery, gastroenteritis, amoebiasis, cholera, and hepatitis. Mostly, the bottled water that you buy is either mineral water or purified water. Water plants use surface water or ground water as the main raw material. These plants are located in places far from cities and industrial centers to avoid contamination. MINERAL WATER Mineral water comes from mineral springs. It normally contains a high content of mineral salts or gases, and which consequently may have an action on the human body different from that of ordinary water. Mineral waters are usually classified as alkaline, saline, chalybeate (iron-containing), sulfurous, acidulous, and arsenical. Mineral springs are generated deep underground, where, under intense heat and pressure, calcium, iron, potassium, sodium, and other minerals are leached from the surrounding rocks. Mineral water is also called aerated water. (The term aerated means charged with gas.) The most common gases that are in mineral water are carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. GUIDELINES FOR BOTTLED MINERAL WATERS There are strict rules for water to be labeled as mineral water. Genuine mineral water should contain the right percentage of such minerals as manganese, chromium, selenium, zinc, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and other minerals. In California, United States, to be labeled mineral water, the water must contain 550 parts per million (ppm) of total dissolved solids (TDS). In Europe, mineral water must meet several criteria. One is that the water must flow freely from its source, meaning it may not be pumped or forced from the ground, and the water must be bottled directly at its source. Furthermore, the waters properties, such as its temperature, mineral balance, and pressure have not varied in ten years. Some better known brands of mineral water in Europe include Evian and Ferrier of France, Ferarrele of Italy, and Apollinaris of Germany. All these conatin 330, 560, 1,400, and 2,250 ppm of TDS, respectively. MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF MINERAL WATER It has long been believed that mineral springs possess great curative powers. In fact, people have used mineral water since ancient times to cure such ailments as rheumatism, skin infections, and poor digestion. Also, many effervescing waters (impregnated with carbon dioxide gas) are used as table beverages and to dilute spirits or wines. Because of the springs medicinal effects, medicinal spas have been built around mineral springs. These spas are frequented by people who are hoping that the springs waters will relieve them of their ailments, such as gout, liver trouble, indigestion, and rheumatism. DISTILLED WATER Water that is treated by the process of distillation forms distilled water. This substance is purer than the original water because salt and other impurities do not evaporate with the water. Distillation is the principal method for purifying water. In this process, the water is vaporized into steam, the steam is condensed back into liquid water, and the water is collected in a separate container, leaving behind the impurities. Other methods of water purification include chlorine treatment, ozone treatment, ultraviolet decontamination, and oxidation-reduction media. Also, one method of water purification is with the use of iodinated resin. Iodinated resin can destroy even the smallest viruses through electrostatic attraction. Negatively charged contaminants are drawn to the positively charged resin. This ensures contact, no matter how small the microorganisms that might otherwise escape if filters are used. Upon contact, the resin releases sufficient iodine to penetrate and kill the microorganisms. PRODUCING SAFE, PURE WATER One of the most effective methods of producing safe, pure water consists of a three-step process. The first step is the use of sediment filters to remove large particles. The sediment filter acts to screen out suspended matter and can also remove many harmful bacteria and protozoa that may be present in the water. The second step is to purify the water through the use of iodinated resin. This devitalizes even the smallest harmful microorganisms within the water. Biological contaminants could also be removed by exposure to ultraviolet light, killing the microorganisms that may still be in the water. The third step is the use of carbon filters to remove taste- and odor-causing contaminants. The filters activated carbon and its ion exchange resin remove unwanted ions and molecules from water, leaving those that make water  pleasant to drink. The activated carbon also initiates a chemical reaction that converts free chlorine, which water utilities put in water to kill germs, into chloride and hydrogen ions, which are safe and taste all right. Other systems in bottling water consist of several steps that utilize both purification and filtration processes. In some systems, water is passed through as many as 16 stages in the whole process. Water is an all-important substance that sustains life here on earth. However, safe, pure water is becoming a rare commodity everywhere. Bottled water, whether mineral or distilled, offers safe drinking water for all of us.

Paradigm And Paradigm Shifts

Paradigm And Paradigm Shifts The word paradigm first appeared in English in the 15th century. It comes from Greek, meaning an example or pattern, and it still holds this meaning today. For nearly 400 years it has also been applied in varieties of grammatical properties including verbs, nouns, and other parts of speech of a language. In linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure used it to refer to a class of elements with similarities. According to 1900 Merriam-Webster dictionary it is defined as a philosophical and theoretical framework of a scientific school or discipline within which theories, laws, and generalizations and the experiments performed in support of them are formulated; broadly: a philosophical or theoretical framework of any kind. From the 1960s onward, the word has been used in science to refer to a theoretical framework, as when Nobel Laureate David Baltimore cited the work of two colleagues that really established a new paradigm for the causation of cancer. Thereafter, researchers in many different fields tried to explore this concept. WHAT IS A PARADIGM? The historian of science, Thomas Kuhn was the first to use the term for science, and referred to the set of practices that define a scientific discipline at certain point in time. He meant something like a framework, a dominant way of thinking and doing things, shared expectations and rules. Further he termed something as disciplinary matrix. He also suggested that paradigms are discrete (separate) and culturally based. For example, a Chinese medical researcher, with an in-depth knowledge of eastern medicine, will live in a different paradigm than a purely western researcher. Alternatively, the Oxford English Dictionary defines paradigm as a pattern or model, an exemple. Thus an additional component of Kuhns definition of paradigm is that how is an experiment to be carried, and what equipment is available to carry the experiment. SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM A scientific paradigm, in the most basic sense of the word, is a framework containing all of the commonly accepted views about a subject, a structure of what direction research should take and how it should be performed (Shuttleworth, 2008). In 1962, Thomas Kuhn, in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions defined scientific paradigm as what is to be discovered and inspected, the type of questions that are supposed to be asked and examined for answers in relation to this subject, how these questions are to be organized and how the results of scientific investigations should be analysed. WHAT IS A PARADIGMS ROLE? The philosopher, Thomas Kuhn suggested that scientific research does not progress towards truths, but is subject to belief and remaining emotionally attached to old theories. He gave four basic ways in which a paradigm indirectly influences the scientific process as mentioned above. A paradigm includes what is studied and researched, the kind of questions that are asked, the structure and nature of the questions and how the results of any research are interpreted. Kuhn believed that science required periods of patiently gathering data, in a paradigm, and then revolution occurred as the paradigm turn to maturity. A paradigm can include some errors but they eventually become impossible, like Ptolemys epicycles, and result in a paradigm shift. The new paradigm is not necessarily better than the old one but it is just different. For example, most psychologists weep at the mention of the Freudian paradigm. WHAT IS A PARADIGM SHIFT? Paradigm shifts are mostly used in sciences that appear to be stable and mature, at the end of the 19th century. A paradigm shift (or revolutionary science) is the term used but not named by Thomas Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions in 1962. Paradigm shift is a successive transition from one paradigm to another via revolution is the usual developmental pattern of mature science. Paradigm shift questions the paradigm itself. It is a change from one way of thinking to another. Its a revolution, a transformation. . It just does not happen, but rather it is driven by agents of change. It is when the model for a process or application or method changes significantly, typically because there has been a leap. Kuhn believes that a paradigm would make an unexpected leap from one to the next, called a shift, and the new paradigm could not be built upon the foundations of the old. The indirect meaning is that one has stepped off the road that the prior paradigm followed onto an intersecting and better road. The term paradigm shift has found uses in other contexts, representing the notion of a major change in a certain thought-pattern; a radical change in personal beliefs, complex systems or organizations, replacing the previous way of thinking or organizing with a radically different way of thinking or organizing. The Paradigm is closely related to the Platonic and Aristotelian views of knowledge. Aristotle believed that knowledge could only be based upon what is already known, the basis of the scientific method. Plato believed that knowledge should be judged by what something could become, the end result, or final purpose. Platos philosophy is more like the intuitive leaps that cause scientific revolution; Aristotles the patient gathering of data. For example, in physics Newtons Laws were an example of a paradigm, and scientists worked upon his principles for centuries. The discovery of the internal structure of the atom started to find problems in the theory, and Einstein provided the out of the box thinking that drew the paradigm in another direction. ELEMENTS OF PARADIGM SHIFT A successful paradigm shift requires four main elements. First is pressure for change, second is a clear shared vision, then capacity for change and actionable first step (Kurkela, 2009). If any of these elements is missing the result would be failure of paradigm. Paradigms affect that what kind of learning resources are required and these learning resources further influence what kind of paradigms can be used or developed. THE ROLE OF PARADIGM SHIFT Paradigm shifting can start with your trying-on of different existing paradigms. For example, a person has the attitude of being an actor taking on a new role for a season on the stage, or for the duration of a movie. He or she goes into it, knowing that it is for a limited time, and that they will emerge from it the other side. During the play or filming period he/she will adopt that character as it is real. Then again actor will put it down again afterwards. However, while in the play or during filming, the actor tries to become that character, and fulfill the requirement of the role to make it natural. EXAMPLES OF PARADIGM SHIFTS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES The transition in cosmology from a Ptolemaic cosmology to a Copernican one. The transition in optics from geometrical optics to physical optics. The transition in mechanics from Aristotelian mechanics to classical mechanics. The acceptance of Charles Darwins theory of natural selection replaced Lamarckism as the mechanism for evolution. EXAMPLES OF PARADIGM SHIFTS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES The movement, known as the Cognitive revolution, away from Behaviourist approaches to psychological study and the acceptance of cognition as central to studying human behaviour. The Keynesian Revolution is typically viewed as a major shift in macroeconomics.

Are Zoos Inhumane? Essays -- Animal Cruelty

In the film, Madagascar, zoos are depicted as a sanctuary in which all the exotic animals are kept safe and are open for the public to view. But many would argue that zoos are inhumane, the caging of animals for our personal entertainment is unjustifiable. Those who believe that zoos are wrong and should be destroyed are animal rights activist; they believe that animals should be allowed to choose their own destiny. Those that believe that zoos are an important part of our lives are scientist and zoologist. This debate has gone on for generations and average folk are stuck in the middle, not knowing which side to stand on. The animals being kept in captivity could not be interviewed; their side of the story will be based on interpretation on their movement and interaction with animals in the zoo and in the wild. Are animals better suited to live in the harsh conditions of the wild or are they better suited to live their lives safely in captivity? Many animal rights activist argue that animals should be allowed to live their lives in the wild instead of captivity. That we as humans have no right to neither alter the fate of other species nor use them for our personal benefits. PETA who is well known for their animal rights view argue that â€Å"Captive animals are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them and as a result, they become bored and lonely and many even suffer from a condition called zoochosis.† (PETA 1) Zoochosis is a condition in which the animal wonders back and forth usually in the same position for hours on end. This condition is only seen in the zoos as a result of the animal’s captivity. As a result zoos provide these animals with Prozac, which is a mood-altering drug to help prevent public atte... ... in todays society. But one thing is for sure many would argue that zoos have brought humans and animals closer together for the good and the bad. Works Cited "Zoos." Animal Cruelty -. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2015. Lin, Doris. "Emaciated Asian Elephant Started Life at Busch Gardens." N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2015. Kaufman, Leslie. "To Save Some Species, Zoos Must Let Others Die." The New York Times. The New York Times, 27 May 2012. Web. 12 May 2015. "Do We Need Zoos?" : An All Creatures Animal Rights Article. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015. "CSA - Are Zoos Necessary." CSA - Are Zoos Necessary. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015. Hone, Dave. "Why Zoos Are Good." Thegauardian. N.p., n.d. Web. Tuesday 19 August 2014 "How Zoos Are Saving Our Animals." – Features – ABC Environment (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015.

herody Free Essays on Homers Odyssey - Heroic or Disloyal Men? :: Odyssey essays

The Men of The Odyssey: Heroic or Disloyal? In Homer’s The Iliad, Achilles’ shield is described in great depth. On one portion of the shield, there is fashioned a scene with a golden herd of straight-horn cattle. They are being led along a fruitful riverside by a group of four golden shepherds and nine hounds. Two lions approach the herd, and mutilate a mighty bull. The shepherds can do nothing but watch, as they dare not approach the predators. This scene is crucial in understanding the behavior of Odysseus’ men in the sequel to this epic, (The Iliad, p. 227). In Homer’s The Odyssey, Odysseus narrates a portion of the epic concerning his journeys and trials during his long quest home for Ithaca. Throughout these adventures, his men play an important role in determining the fate of the entire crew of his ship. At some points, he portrays them as being heroic, while at others, they seem barbaric in nature and disloyal to their captain. These qualities of his men, and certainly others, are best exemplified through the episodes involving the Cyclopes and the Cattle of the Sun God. Before comparing and contrasting the actions of the men during these two mini-stories, a good understanding of the inhabitants of the two lands is necessary. The Island of the Sun God, Helios, is referred to as "the world’s delight," as it provides habitation for this god’s limitless flocks of cattle. Conversely, the Island of the Cyclopes inhabits primitive one-eyed, half-man, and half-bestial beings, (p. 218). While Helios’ island is described as "noble," almost as golden as the sun itself, the land of the Cyclopes is illustrated as a land filled with wild vegetation, and neglected by its undemocratic and uncivilized people. This depiction of these people being poor gardeners coincides with previous evidence from this epic, and others, that this type of lifestyle being lived by the Cyclopes was looked down upon by the author, and by the gods, in particularly. The other land, therefore, is obviously blessed and considered to be holy to the gods. Soon after landing on the Cyclopes’ Island, Odysseus takes a team of his best men with him to explore the new wilderness. They then discover the cave of Polyphemos, your everyday, average, sheep-herding Cyclopes. Odysseus’ men suggest taking the vision-impaired beast’s cheese and flocks and making a run for it, but the "raider of cities" insists on awaiting his homecoming in an attempt to see the caveman and what he has to offer.

Ethics in Today’s Organizations Case Study

Beyond Petroleum (BP) is a British oil company that was founded over a century ago by an affluent business man, William D’Arcy. D’Arcy put all of his money into searching for oil in the Middle East; a decision that nearly bankrupted him, because it took six years before any oil could be tapped. It is important to note that locating the oil was not the only problem BP, or Anglo-Persian Oil Company at that time, faced; moving the oils was just of a difficult task to maneuver. They decided to build a pipeline across the region – an undertaking that lasted more than two years. (Ferrell et al., 2011, p. 432)By the early 1900s BP was again running out of money, until Winston Churchill convinced parliament to allow BP to supply the navy’s fuel. It was a British company, after all, so it would support Britain’s interests. Britain then became one of the company’s biggest shareholders. This is significant because this instance helped spark the debate o ver politics and governments’ investments in oil companies –a topic that is still debated today. (Ferrell et al. , 2011, p. 432) After the mid-twentieth century oil was in high demand due to automobiles being mass produced.However in the mid 1970s, political turmoil in the Middle East caused oil production there to fall from 140 million to 500 barrels (Ferrell et al. , 2011, p. 432). With the demand for oil still high and the supply low, BP was forced to find other untapped oil supplies. BP found some oil fields in places such as Alaska and off the coast of Scotland. These isolated locations for drilling again forced hoisted creativity of BP engineers, and they began to innovate new ways to tap and transport the oil. One of these ideas was the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline, â€Å"the largest civil engineering project in  North America, measuring 746 miles long† (Ferrell et al. , 2011, p. 433).BP made honest efforts to ensure the environment around drilling projects w ould be preserved. However, sometimes these efforts were thwarted, which has become one of the central ethical issues for BP, among other things, including charges of death and fraud. (Ferrell et al. , 2011, p. 433-434). BP has recently sought to enhance their sustainability. In an effort to repair its image and seize an opportunity to invest in future capital, BP has invested in developing other energy sources, such as wind, solar, and biofuels.BP has also has committed itself to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and lessening their contribution to global warming, by creating the aforementioned energies as wall as investing in practices like carbon sequestration and storage (Ferrell et al. , 2011, p. 435-436). Analysis What is the single most important ethical issue presented in the case, how has the issue affected specific stakeholders? I think the single most important issue presented in the case is a lack of environmental responsibility.BP poorly maintain their oil drilling and transporting equipment, and these â€Å"non-actions† contribute to the numerous oil spills over the years which destroy the environment – killing plants and animals, as well as the explosions which are responsible for claiming several human lives. These issues garner the most media coverage, as well as probing by environmentalists and other special interest groups. These secondary stakeholders influence the courts and governments to penalize companies like BP for this kind of irresponsible behavior.The negative reports discourage shareholders and employees. Unfortunately, I think the most customers, care more about the price of gas than which company they are purchasing it from. What has the company done to address their ethical issues, what could they do differently to avoid future ethical issues? BP has tried to address environmental issues by a) simply acknowledging that climate change is happening and it is a man-mad problem, and b) investing approximately $1. 4 bi llion in creating supplies of renewable energy (Ferrell et al. , 2011, p. 434).In 2005 BP also published a code of conduct, in it highlighting the company’s legal and ethical obligations. This document was titled â€Å"Our Commitment to Integrity†. (Ferrell et al. , 2011, p. 438) I feel that the company could have better inspections and maintenance on their rigs and pipelines, and publicize their findings, whether that facility is in perfect working order or needs to be closed down for repairs. Giving the stakeholders more transparency forces ethical behavior and a real commitment to integrity. Based on the company’s ethics would you: Work for the company?I would not work for BP, especially if they do not seriously address the maintenance of their facilities. I feel that even though BP is at least heading in the right direction by investing in renewable energy, its main product and biggest earner is still oil – the most common source of the companyâ€℠¢s ethical problems. Buy their products? I have tried not to purchase BP fuel since the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico happened. However, since gas prices have soared recently, if gas is less expensive at a BP service station, I will buy it there.Personal thriftiness does not contradict my  ethics, I just do not think makes sense to give even more money to the oil industry as a whole than what is already necessary. Invest in their stock? I would not invest in their stock right now because BP’s main product is fuel; and even though I have to use it, it is detrimental to the environment. Of course, it is doing well in the stock markets right now, but it is unsteady and influenced by other factors happening in the world, and I would rather invest in something is both sustainable and fiscally stable. Also, I do view BP as a trustworthy company, and I want to support their underhandedness.Invite them to be part of the community in which you live? I would invite BP to be a part of my community because jobs are always needed here. Additionally, their function in my community would not have to include an oil rig or pipeline, it could be a solar panel plant, or a turbine factory. Those things would have positive impacts on several communities besides my own. Updates Since this case was studied in the text a lot has happened to BP, one major event that should be mentioned is the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.This explosion killed 11 people and gushed oil into the ocean for three months. It was the largest oil spill in history. While BP claims the explosion was caused by many factors, including blaming Transocean and Halliburton, providers of some of the rig’s equipment (BP, 2010), BP still estimates its overall cost for the spill to be roughly $40 billion, half of which is pledged to actual victims of the spill (Skoloff & Wardell, 2010). As of February, 2011 only $3. 54 billion had been spent on clean up and compensation to victims.T his deviates significantly from BP’s original scheduled disbursements of that fund, and yet the company agrees to still payout dividend to shareholders (usatoday. com, 2011). I am not saying whether it is or is not ethical to pay shareholder dividends during a crisis such as this, what I do find unethical is the lack of integrity. Not only has BP slowed compensations payment, but they had previously announced that they would not pay dividends after the spill, and then negated. Concept I feel that the central concept from this Case-Study is the idea of integrity.Over the span of more than 100 years, the company has come up with new ingenious way to reach and transport previously unattainable oil, but they still use a version of oils spill clean up technology circa 1960. BP develops wind and solar energy technologies, but I see more BP service stations popping up more frequently than their wind turbines. Also, BP announced they were going to halt dividend checks to shareholders after the oils spill in the gulf. However, after the issue has been out of the spotlight for a while they slow the compensation benefits to the gulf, and continue to pay their shareholders anyway.BP’s own code of conduct is titled â€Å"Our Commitment to Integrity†, and they’ve shown over and over how they just are not reliable. Application One thing that I can and do apply to my life personally is the idea of integrity, being reliable, and doing the right thing even when no one is looking. Integrity is important character facet to have professionally as well. My major is Human Resources Development –a field that I hope to work in one day. In an HR position I want to help my organization, by developing the employees, supporting fairness and equality, and helping to instill and positive and ethical culture.

Empathy Answer

Answer and discuss briefly the following questions: 1 . The Filipino people are considered as one of the most hospitable citizens In the world- polite, friendly and honest character- but It's mind boggling and Intriguing that whenever one is put into power (given high authority or position, for example in the government), that person becomes easily Influenced and corrupted by the system transforming such person Into a malevolent leader? Reflect on this thought, and explain briefly why this occurs.Sometimes It's because of pride, compromise and organizational culture. I asked my boss about this, fist he told me that It depends to the administrative where the person gets In. In local government some people who was given higher position act and decide to make something wicked because of the word â€Å"compromise and craving for power and more money'. I remember the day when the higher position (office head) on one office in LOGIC gets vacant: the head of the said administration automat ically filled the sit.On the 4th day of his service, the whole office gets shocked and created a commotion because of the memorandum he released saying that effective on that day, all division head, unit heads and budget officers were terminated with the reason of they are no longer effective in their firm. (That office is not a permanent office or department; majority of the staff are contractual and can be terminated easily). After a week, the whole staff found out that the new head of the office gave some of the vacant position and salary of those he terminated to his supporters (also a staff of that office-they are area coordinators and a driver).They believed that he did it on purpose. Example: so the funds of that office can be easily manipulated. 2. Given the status quo of the Philippines politics and society, we observed through he news how our government is slowly deteriorating due to the corrupt officials that are now involved and even convicted In crimes, particularly the controversial â€Å"Pork Barrel Scam†. Based from the character of these Politicians/ Government officials In our country that we elect, what kind of leaders are they?Do they embody the â€Å"Ideal leader† that's why we elect them? What can you say about the â€Å"Intellectual Judging capacity† of the Filipinos on why we have elected these government leaders In the first place? At first, the time politicians' campaign during election period, the people TLD know If they are telling the truth. Some were true to themselves and willing to serve and give his/her best effort and knowledge for the benefit of his/her countrymen (those behind even though they are known as a good politicians.The common alibi for someone who was not able to fulfill his or her promise is that â€Å"promises are made to be broken†. Or, is this the favorite responses of politicians who make a lot of promises even do they know too well that they will not be able to fulfill such promise s just to win. Election fever is now in the air in the Philippines. The people will be selecting a new president, vice president, senators, and all provincial and local officials. For local officials who will be elected, they will be serving for a term of three (3) years.There's a saying that â€Å"The moment this child encounters these other beings, the influences upon the individual begins†. Even if they are not a good leader because of their weaknesses, I could say that they also have capacity to ran and implement the peace and order in the country. The eyes, ears, feelings of other politicians are always open to defend people from their evil doings. But, the process gets slow because the root of all evil things is in a greater higher position and trying to manipulate the situations.

Essential of Motoric Development in Life Skill Exercise

The Essentials of Motor Development in Practical Life By: Intan Rahmanita If teaching is to be effective with young children, it must assist them to advance on the way to independence. It must initiate them into those kinds of activities, which they can perform themselves. We must help them to learn how to walk without assistance, to run, to go up and down the stairs, to pick up fallen objects, to dress and undress, to wash themselves, to express their needs, and to attempt to satisfy their desires through their own efforts. All this is part of an education for independence. – Maria Montessori, The Discovery of the Child, Chapter 3 page 57. From the beginning, a child will strive for independence, and the best way to help him achieve it is to show him the skill he needs to succeed. Unfortunately, parents try to help much and in wrong way. Many, for instance rather to wait patiently every day while their youngster struggles to eat breakfast, do up his button, tie his shoe lace and then end up doing these for him. Montessori built up a curriculum that called Practical Life. These are simple everyday routinely perform by adults to control and maintain the environment which they live and work.The activities are utilitarian, and so for the adult, they have purpose and means to an end-and the end result is more important than the process. Practical life activities enable the adult to control his physical and social environment. From early age, every child watches his parents perform these every day and so he has a strong desire to copy and learn from them- it is his way of adapting the world. Unlike the adult, however, the performance of these simple daily routine is developmental and absorbing for the child; he is more interested in the process involved than in the end result.As a writer, I’m very interested to bring up this topic due in my childhood this area for most parents not so important to be stimulated rather language and math. I still remember my first years live far apart from my parents. Where I must entered dormitory in Senior High School. I even don’t know how to sweep floor properly, folded the clothed until washed my own dress. Every tasks need lots of time and must repeated twice or more to get clean. Thus, it made me frustrated and really influences my focus on school. Something get wrong here? Why my I cannot do these simple things.Why fine motor, my eye-hand, my feet not well coordinate even to sweep the room. Then the answer pop in to my head, because I never do it . And It is like if I’m studying math, where when practicing make perfect. Now as a mother, I want for my daughter to have an easier life in the future whatever profession she would focus on, just like Maria Montessori said to give the child â€Å"a help to life†. Montessori stated that at each plane of development there is a sensitive period for different skills and activities. It is critical that proper stimulation be provided as nature intended.A child enters the Children's House (Montessori preschool) around the age of three. It is here where the Work of the Family, known as Practical Life activities, provides an introduction and smooth transition to the Montessori school by linking the activities that the child is familiar with at home to the school environment. Children at this age enjoy, and even prefer, spending their time helping adults with their activities. When allowed to do so, the child learns that his contributions are of value, thus boosting his self-esteem and independence. He enjoys and should be encouraged to use child-size replicas of adult tools.In short, the direct aim of Montessori Practical Life activities is to help develop social skills and independence. Indirectly, Practical Life activities develop fine motor skills, as well as strengthening intellect, concentration, and personal will. Four categories of practical life: a. Care of Environment Such as pouring, transferring, cleani ng, and polishing. Pouring activities are common in Montessori school. Children will learn to pour beans from jug to jug complex tasks pouring exercise. These simple exercise prepared the child indirectly for mathematical complex such as volume and capacity. . Development of Motor Skill Such as opening and closing bottles, boxes, latches, padlocks, cutting with scissors, screwing and unscrewing of nut and bolts, sewing, pasting, weaving, plaiting and many more in Montessori classroom are design to help the children to improve his/her fine motor skill, eye-hand coordination and concentration. c. Care of Self Such as activities related to personal hygiene such as washing or drying hand, brushing, combing, or plaiting hair, cleaning and cutting of nails, blowing’s one nose, dressing and undressing.In order to help children get their independence. Therefore it needs to design purposeful work, establish will and discipline. d. Social grace and courtesy Such as how to shake hands, saying please and thank you, how to interrupt someone, and how to cough and sneeze. Importance of Motor Development Motor skill definition Motor skills are the movements that use to lift, push or carry. Minds have to tell the body to connect the spatial needs of the surroundings to the muscles and bones to complete the tasks. Mastering motor skills means practicing, teaching and imitating.It need fine motor and gross motor skills working together to create your movement. The difference between the two skills depends on your task a. Fine Motor Capability Fine motor skills entail using small muscles of the body. Writing, coordinating hand-eye movements, creating works of art, moving the eyes or lips are examples of fine motor coordination. Picking up a tiny leaf between the fingers is using the fine motor skills. Fine motor skills are using the small muscles of the body. Visual motor skills, such as putting together puzzles or using construction toys, are fine motor activities.The han d-eye coordination, another fine motor skill, is necessary to complete any tasks using a pencil, including the ability to draw. b. Gross Motor Skills In childhood, gross motor is the first set of skills the child masters. Sitting, using his arms, legs or feet, walking and running are examples of gross motor skills. Rolling down a hill is using gross motor skills. Pushing a wagon is a gross motor skill. Using the large muscles is how gross motor skills operate. Skills that use the entire body or many parts at one time are gross motor skills. Muscle tone is an important aspect of gross motor skills.If the body reacts too tightly, you will experience jerky or disconnected gross motor movements. If the body reacts loosely, you need more strength and the movements appear slow. The difference between gross motor skills and fine motor skills is the capability of muscle function. It need both functions to complete tasks. Reaching over to the sink to grasp a glass of water, you are using you r gross motor muscles to reach. When a child actually grasp the glass, it allows the large muscles to tell the small muscles to grasp the glass. If a child is having spatial difficulties, he will not be able to grasp the glass.If a child is having gross motor problems, it will not be able to reach out the arm. Muscle strength, flexibility and coordination determine how child can accomplish motor skills. If there is a developmental problem, that will affect how well he can complete skills. Flat feet can be the culprit for awkward walking. Skills like riding a bike, if he is having balance problems, will not work. How Motor Development encourage in Montessori Classroom. â€Å"All movement thus has a most intricate and delicate machinery. But in a man none of it is established at birth.It has to be formed and perfected by the child’s activity in the world. It has to be formed and perfected by the child’s activity in the world. Unlike the animal, man finds him self so ric hly endowed with muscles that there are hardly any movements he cannot learn to make, and while he is doing this we do not talk about strengthening his muscles, but coordinating them, which is a very different thing. The point is that, in man’s case, he finds all his muscles uncoordinated, and the nervous arrangement for all movement he learns have to built up and perfected by action initiated by his mind.In the other words, child has an internal power to bring about co-ordinations, which he thus created himself, and once these has begun to exist he goes on perfecting them by practice. He himself is clearly the one of the principle creative factors in their production† The educational value of a movement depends of finality (or end) of the movement; and it must be a such help the child to perfect something in himself; either it perfect voluntary muscular system (the flesh); or some mental capacity; or both.Educational movement must always be activity which builds up and fortifies the personality, giving him a new power and not leaving him where he was†¦(Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work, E. M. Standing, Chapter 13 page 233) Practical life is the first activities the child introduced to in Montessori environment, also the first Maria Montessori teach when she was on Casa the Bambini. These practices are: a. Opening and closing boxes b. Opening and closing lids jar and biscuit tins c. Opening and closing various type of doors and cupboards d. Pouring beans between two jugs, pouring water, and pouring water trough funnel. e.Folding and unfolding clothes f. Lifting, carrying, and putting down delicate object g. Lifting, carrying, and putting down a tray with object on it h. Carrying a floor mat i. Unrolling and rolling up a floor mat j. Sitting on the edge of an unrolled mat k. Lifting, carrying, and putting down a chair l. With chair on the table, lifting it away from table, sitting on it and, getting up from it and placing it back under the t able. m. Using scissor and handling scissor to someone n. Handling a book o. Handling and playing a record Present Research: Correlation of fine motor development with practical life area stimulation.There a research by Rule and Steward (2002) that wants to find correlation between practical skill activities based on Montessori program with motor skill development especially fine motor’s children in public kindergarten schools. The experiment conducted in order to find the best way to therapy clumsy children. Based on literacy and former researcher, Rule and Steward found that children who have difficulties coordinating the small muscle group in their hands (fine motor) have difficulty dressing, feeding themselves, and manipulating pencil.This difficulty makes children dependent on others, opens them to peer ridicule, and prevents them from the meeting the demands of school. In further studies, it found difficulties in handwriting, in art design and technology, in home econom ics and in practical science lesson. These children also exhibited more behavior problems and lower achievement with some exhibiting â€Å"intense of personal feeling of failure† and a worrying amount of dissatisfaction. Second, there is a moderate correlation between fine motor bility and early literary performance. Third, there is interdigital dexterity to be a strong predictor of reading achievement. Rule and Steward do an experiment in order to measure practical life material on public school kindergarten’s fine motor skill development over a 6-month period. The dependent measure was a penny post test. In the penny posting test, the number of pennies are counted that a seated child can pick up open at a time with dominant hand and place into one sloth in can within 30 seconds.Each student was presented with 50 pennies spread on a towel and was given a practice of depositing two pennies into the sloth, then two 30 second trials. This same procedure was followed for pretest and post test. The teachers were asked to show students how to manipulate the material and complete the activities. Each box had a step by step instructions and material list. The first author demonstrated proper operation of boxes to the teachers; Teacher received six new box of material every 2 weeks throughout the study period. Student used the fine motor skill as an option during center time almost every day.More than 50 different sets of activities were provided to experimental group (n=101). Teacher coached students in following specific steps to use tweeters, tongs, and spoons to manipulate a variety of object. Students then employed the materials during the center time in their classrooms. What happen there and what the child doing After the post test, experimental group of children were asked to comment about the materials. Most children spoke enthusiastically of the activities, commenting that the activities sparked their imaginations and challenged their motor ski lls.Teacher mentioned how students enjoyed the activities because of attractive items and themes. Activities that teacher as most valuable were those incorporated cognitive skill such like finding likeness and differences, matching, and sorting or science content like learning about animals. Although experimental and control group teacher reported equal amounts of fine motor activity in the classrooms, significant interaction effects were found indicating the experimental group outperformed the control on the post test measure. An overall effect size of 0. 4 indicates that the type of fine motor activity is important in children development. Conclusion: 1. Montessori Practical Life activities help develop social skills, independence, fine motor skills, as well as strengthening intellect, concentration, and personal will. 2. Children who have difficulties coordinating the small muscle group in their hands (fine motor) have difficulty dressing, feeding themselves, and manipulating pen cil 3. Research by Rule and Steward found that practical life activities increase kindergarten’s fine motor skill development. . .

Management, Motivation, and Leadership Essay

Review Questions 1. Review the definition of management at the beginning of the chapter and briefly define each of the 4 functions. What are the challenges in carrying out these functions in today’s hyper-competitive marketplace? Planning- Determining organizational goals and action plans for how to achieve those goals. Organizing- determining a structure for both individual jobs and the overall organization. Leading-directing and motivating people to achieve organizational goals. Controlling-monitoring performance and making adjustments as needed. The challenge in planning is that planning is essentially forecasting future actions and events. Most actions or events are dependent upon contingencies that must occur in order for the plan to be successful. The highly competitive nature of today’s marketplace requires planning that can accommodate changes so management plans continue to stay on target. 2. How has the role of the manager changed in the last couple of decades? What forces have driven the changes? The old concept of a manager was one that drives employee’s to work. The assumption with this model is that people that come to work do not necessarily want to work and that micro-management techniques and a heavy hand over employees is the only thing that will motivate them to complete work according to company requirements. Now however, the new theory of management is one where the employee is expected to be more of a self-managing professional. The manager’s role is more inspirational, leading by example and instructing employees rather than â€Å"lording over† them. This change has occurred primarily in response to evidence that has found that employees who are satisfied with their workplace and enjoy their job are more highly motivated, higher producing and more focused on the  interests of the company. 3. Define technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. How do these three skills connect with the different levels of management? How do critical thinking and decision- making skills come into play? Technical- Expertise in a specific functional area or department Human- the ability to work effectively with and through other people in a range or different relationships. Conceptual- the ability to grasp a big picture view of the overall organization, the relationships among its various parts, and its fit in the broader competitive environment. Front-line managers must have a high degree of technical skills, which help them hire, train, and evaluate employees; avoid mistakes; and ensure high quality production. Middle-level managers need an especially high level of human skills. They typically act as the bridge between departments, coordinating people and projects that sometimes have mismatched priorities. Top-level managers must demonstrate excellent conceptual skills in order to formulate a vision, interpret marketplace trends, and plan for the future. 4. Which theory of motivation do you find most compelling? What factors should you consider when choosing a motivational approach? Explain your answers. Personally, expectancy theory is the most compelling. I believe motivation is self-created. Therefor the reward is also self-created. For example, going for a run requires self-motivation, the self-reward is feeling better about yourself and looking better in return. You should consider the reward, the cost, the supply and the demand. 5. Outline the three levels of management planning in terms of scope of planning and typical questions and concerns. Why does communication withim the organization play such a vital role in effective planning? Strategic planning: Senior Management, Typically five-years time frame Should we acquire a new company? Should we begin manufacturing in China? Should we expand to overseas markets? Should we take our company public? Tactical planning: Middle management, Typically one-year time frame Should we spend more time servicing each customer? Should we hire a public relations agency to handle PR? Should we spend fewer ad dollars on TV and more on the web? Operational planning: First line management, daily, weekly and monthly TF How should we schedule employees this week? When should we schedule delivery for each batch of product? How should customer service people answer the phones? Successful firms often encourage flow of feedback up and down the organization to ensure that all key plans are sound and that all key players â€Å"buy in.† 6. What is the purpose of a mission statement? Why are the most effectictive mission statements simple, vivid, and compelling? The mission defines the organization’s purpose, values, and core goals, providing the framework for all other plans. It is simple, vivid and compelling so that the employees from the janitor to the CEO, from the customers to investors can easily understand. 7. Name five potential sources of competitive advantage that might be strengths in a SWOT analysis. Are these advantages likely to change over time? Why or why not? Premium brand name, proven management team, lower costs/ higher margins, diverse workforce, higher consumer demand. I think these are definitely likely to change simply cause who knows how long you can maintain a low cost, high margin company. Anything can happen. 8. What are the pros and cons of each key organizational structure? Which do you think would be the best fit for you? Explain your answer. Centralization: Pros: simple and efficient and the result tends to be a strong corporate image and a uniform customer approach across the front lines. Cons: typically respond more lowly to customer needs and have lower employee morale. Span of Control: Pros & cons are determined based on the abilities of both the manager and the subordinates, the nature of the work being done, the location of the employees, and the need for planning and coordinating. Line Organizations: Pros: quick decision making and no fuzziness about who is responsible for what. Cons: lack of specialists to provide advice or support line managers. Inflexibility, too much paper work and even incompetence. Line-and-Staff Organizations: Same pros as line organizations without all the drawbacks. Matrix Organizations: Pros: encourages teamwork and communication. Offers flexibility, lends itself to innovative solutions. Creates a higher level of motivation and satisfaction for employees. Cons: The need for constant communication can bog down a company in too many meetings. The steady state of flux can be overwhelming for both manager and employees. And having two bosses can cause conflict and stress for everyone. I think Spans of Control fits me best because I work best based off the location, manager, work being done and the planning and coordinating. 9. What are the characteristics of effective leaders? What leadership style do most effective leaders use? Leaders are trustworthy, visionary, and inspiring. Also includes empathy,  courage, creativity, intelligence, and fairness. I think Democratic Leaders are the most effective. 10. If an employee falls short of meeting his or her goals, what factors should a manager consider before engaging in disciplinary action? Explain your answer. I think disciplining employees for poor performance should come only after exploring the reasons for not meeting goals and making changes if necessary. Sources â€Å"Planning – The Practice of Proactively Structuring.† Planning – The Practice of Proactively Structuring. 4Shared, n.d. Web. Kelly/Williams, Introduction to Business, BUSN Student Edition 7

An Analysis of Recruitment and Selection in IBM

An Analysis of Recruitment and Selection in IBM Chapter 1. Introduction Today the success of every organization or business company lies just not in the mission or the goals set by the management, but a lot depends even on the employees of the organization. Employees are an integral part of any organization and they are the biggest assets that any company can have. The entire image of the organization depends on the performance of the employees, their code of conduct, and how they take their job responsibility. Every company looks out for employees who have the required capability and the qualifications that just not suits the job requirements but also can add to the value of organization. Recruitment and selection of the employees thus becomes an integral part of human resources. In simple terms getting the right person or a deserving candidate is much easier when compares to getting the right candidate for the right position. Through recruitment and selection, an employer will be able to find and select the appropriate and the most deserving candidate for the job vacancy. Recruitment and selection process has been considered as the most important part of hiring a new employee and also for the organization. 1.1 About the company In this research we will be focusing on IBM (Internal Business Machines) located in India to analyze the recruitment and selection. Now lets see some information pertaining to Internal Business Machines (IBM). Even though IBM was present in India earlier to 1970s, they re-entered the business sector in the year 1992. IBM has it headquarter based on Bangalore and operates in 14 other cities throughout India. IBM is considered as the leaders in terms of industry based on Information technology. IBM has been offering various customer solutions which includes both hardware and software. IBM India is considered one of the important market for IBM and they ensure that there has been enough investments in this industry. 1.2 Aim of the research Through this research we are trying to focus on the recruitment and the selection process, taking example organization as IBM. Now in order to ensure that the research is progressing towards achieving this aim, we will need to set an aim for our research. Hence the aim of the research is as follows: â€Å"To investigate, describe and produce a research report which shows how the recruitment and selection process of International Business Machines (IBM) is different from other companies recruitment and selection process.† Before we can into the details of the recruitment and selection at IBM, we will highlight the main reasons why employees get attracted and enthusiastic about working at IBM: Employees who are working and also would be joining would always prefer to be known as the innovators. IBM is known as the best company and employees can always expect to have a very bright future ahead while working at IBM. IBM has been known for providing competitive environment for their employees which can help them develop on l ong term professional basis. Every employee gets to learn new skills and facts at IBM daily. IBM encourages their employees to deploy their unique learning style at work.

Upload later Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Validity, Reliability, and Accuracy - Term Paper Example Validity, Reliability and Accuracy Our essay is, otherwise, based on: management, its five functions and its essence in various institutions. Management is an element that forms the core of many organizations or institutions. It is not restricted to large companies but also to small entrepreneurs and non- profit institutions. It possesses a large history of growth and improvement. Due to the modification and ever altering conceptualization of management, it has been perceived more largely. It, thus, is defined largely as comprising of five elements. Management can either be a science or an art of fulfilling common goals of a group through efficiency and effectiveness of utility of resources. The five elements are; planning, organizing, controlling, staffing and directing. In a case of absence of one of the pillars, management can become cumbersome and lead to eventual failure of an organization. This type of management usually involves strategic elements.Management shares vital elements of a group of people and resour ce utility. It is essential to note that management possesses different levels in such a way that other managers report to senior managers. Before discussing these five branches of management, it is important to look at few other elements of management or managers. This helps one conceptualize and understand the scope of management. To begin with, the roles of a manager cover three ideals. These roles provide the foundation for the five tasks of management. A manager is supposed to handle roles that concern the relationship and links of employees. In addition, a manager is supposed to carry out the roles of ensuring correct and timely information to the organization. Lastly, a manager should ensure rational and timely decision construction in the organization. Apart form those skills, management necessitates political skills in harnessing power and control. In addition, it requires conceptualization skills in understanding complicated situations. Moreover, it requires good personal relation skills and diagnostic skills in achieving the right response to difficult scenarios. The first pillar of management is planning. The art of planning, as applied to business environments, shares in its literal concept. It is the act of creating a plan and devising ways of accomplishing its components. It also shares in forecasting which the act of envisaging the future and creating a strategy to achieve certain tasks as per the prediction (Tibergien and Pommering 13). Planning involves formation of objectives and their particular strategies. A good plan should, however, be flexible to assist accompany contemporary situations. A good plan should also evaluate existing resources available to a given organization and realize whether those resources can pedal the objectives (Marquis and Houston 35). A good plan has, therefore, to be realistic. Closely related to this, a plan should focus on a realistic frame of time. The second element of management is organizing. Primarily, org anizing, as applicable to organization, suggests activities of arranging various elements into a proper order. As applied to organizations, it covers minor functions of; delegation of work and specialization, goal focus, divisions and differentiation (Marquis and Houston 35). Division of work is the task of giving organization’s duty to the in an entity or to a given individual. When a given task is assigned to a single professional or an individual, then this aspect is referred to as specialization. Organization also encompasses

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Statue of Liberty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Statue of Liberty - Essay Example The statue entitled "Liberty Enlightens the World" was shipped to America in 214 separate crates in 1886 and re-assembled on tiny Bedloe Island, which was soon renamed Liberty Island. (Schamel 299-302) For more than a century, the Statue f Liberty has stood as a symbol f the American ideals f freedom, equality, and opportunity, and has greeted millions f immigrants at the entrance to New York Harbor. Given by the people f France to the people f the United States to commemorate the friendship between the two countries during the American Revolution, the 151-foot-tall statue was shipped in pieces from France and assembled and dedicated in 1876. Over the years, world events have added new layers f meaning to the statue as a symbol. During two World Wars, it endured as a reminder f the sacrifices involved in maintaining freedom, and in 1989, Chinese students constructed a plaster "Goddess f Democracy" inspired by the Statue f Liberty during political protests in Beijing's Tiananmen Square. (Bender 60-62) The idea for a monument to commemorate the achievement f America's independence originated with the French scholar and abolitionist, Edouard de Laboulaye, in 1865. French intellectuals admired America's democratic ideals and its recent defeat f slavery, and aspired to create a French republican government modeled on the American constitution to replace the empire f Napoleon III. De Laboulaye suggested to F.A. Bartholdi, a 31-year old sculptor, that he travel to America to explore the possibility f a monument to French-American friendship. Bartholdi's vision for the Statue f Liberty solidified when he first saw New York Harbor. The tallest structure in the New York metropolitan area when it was dedicated, the Statue f Liberty rests on a granite and concrete pedestal to rise to a total height f over 300 feet. The statue's uplifted right arm raises a torch which is lit at night, and her left hand holds a tablet bearing the date "July 4, 1776." A broken shackle lies in front f her right foot as she strides forward, although it is difficult for visitors to see from the ground. A plaque with the words f a sonnet by Emma Lazarus titled "The New Colossus" was added to an interior wall f the pedestal in 1903. Lazarus had written the poem in 1883 to assist in fundraising for the pedestal, and her words, "...Give me your tired, your poor,/Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free/The wretched refuse f your teeming shore./Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,/I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" have become inextricably linked with the Statue f Liberty. Body- Case study presentation and analysis Design and Construction The statue is constructed f copper sheets hand-hammered onto wooden molds, but over the years the originally shiny copper has acquired a light-green hue. The engineer Gustave Eiffel, who later built the Eiffel Tower, designed the iron framework supporting the statue. Each section f the framework, and the copper sheets covering it, is attached separately to the central tower, enabling the sheets to move independently in varying weather and temperatures. (Hansen 34-35) Funds to build and transport the statue to the United States were raised entirely by the French people, not by the French government. An organization, the Franco-American Union, was formed in 1875 to raise money and