Y2k Essays (3187 words) - Cardiac Electrophysiology, Medical Devices

Y2k This year, most of the world is preparing to celebrate the year 2000 and the coming of a new millennium. However, many businesses, manufacturers, banks and hospitals are quietly hoping for an uneventful new year's transition. At midnight on December 31, many businesses will be anticipating what effects the millennium rollover will have on computer software and other equipment that contain a time sensitive chip called an embedded chip. Early computer programmers, in an effort to conserve limited memory space, programmed computers to read the year in only two digits. So computers read 15 as 1915, and 02 as 1902, and so on. Thus, when the year 2000 arrives, many computer programs might go from December 31, 1999 to January 1, 1900. Some computers will cease to function, or ?crash?. Needless to say, if these programs control functions such as electricity, airline travel, or communications, the results could be disastrous. Many companies and governments have spent countless hours and untold dollars making software Y2K (year 2 thousand) compatible. The consequences of not preparing for the Y2K problem could spell disaster for the company involved. For example, a small Midwestern manufacturer encountered a similar date-related problem in 1996 (a leap year) when the company did not realize that their entire computer network would be affected by the extra day in the year. When the year 1997 turned over, all systems shut down. This malfunction caused the liquid solutions being produced to freeze, causing them to destroy the pipelines they ran through. This disaster cost the company over $1 million in new equipment. The catastrophe caused massive delivery delays to their customers, and the company believes numerous customer accounts were lost as a result. This is just a small example of what could happen when computer software and related equipment is not tested for Y2K compatibility. Now, imagine the confusion and disaster that could result from a similar incident occurring in a hospital--where lives, not inventory, are at stake. ?Code Blue 2000? is the term used to describe the possible breakdown of the world's hospital software and related medical devices. Most hospital organizations have prepared themselves for any problems that might occur with their software and medical equipment. It is the organizations that ignore the potential problem that will most likely loose valuable patient information, and in extreme cases, have their ability to furnish adequate health care reduced. Major Hospital in Shelbyville, Indiana, has a team of computer scientists currently testing the hospital's computer system's software for Y2K compatibility. First, mock systems are tested to determine what will actually happen when the year changes. Then, obsolete software and equipment is replaced with Y2K compliant equipment. Major Hospital has spent over a half-million dollars on research of the Y2K problem. This research is extremely costly to an organization, but the alternative--ignoring the problem--could be catastrophic. This report will cover the numerous ways the Y2K problem could affect hospitals. The first and most important area that will be reviewed is the manner in which the Y2K problem could affect patients. The Y2K problem could adversely affect the biomedical devices some patients rely on for life-sustaining purposes. Then, the potential problems on the clerical side of hospital administration will be explored; focusing on patients' medical records and accounts. Finally, the possible adverse effects on utilities such as electricity, gas, and water will be discussed. A hospital is a place that a person should feel safe and secure. This report will describe the steps being taken by hospitals to ensure that their patients' peace of mind and sense of security is unaltered. The Y2K problem is a concern for hospitals worldwide for a variety of reasons. Perhaps the most pressing concern are the biomedical devices, which contain computer software, that many patients rely on. Some critical biomedical devices are pacemakers, fetal monitors, Magnetic Resonance Imaging machines (MRI's), and heart defibrillators. One of the most important biomedical devices that could be affected by the Y2K problem is the pacemaker. A pacemaker is a biomedical, electronic device implanted in the wall of the heart designed to detect irregular heartbeats and provide regular, mild, electric shocks that restore normalcy to the heartbeat. The pacemaker then records the time an electric shock was administered; this information can then be downloaded to a computer system and analyzed by medical personnel. Cardiologists use this information to detect patterns and irregularities in the patient's heart rhythms. If the software were to record faulty times for the shock deliveries, the cardiologist could misinterpret the results and administer improper medical

Lies Youve Been Told About Research Paper Writing Services Review

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Research Paper Topics in Chemical Engineering

Research Paper Topics in Chemical EngineeringThere are many different types of research paper topics in chemical engineering. There are a lot of different things that a student should consider when deciding what type of research paper topics they will pursue as they prepare for their engineering courses.One of the most important things to consider is the career choice that you make. Are you going to major in mechanical or chemical engineering? This will directly affect the type of research paper topics that you will be assigned.Some students are interested in a job that is involved with the design and manufacture of products for the military, aerospace, or any other type of engineering field. These students will need to write research papers that look at the ways in which these fields deal with the manufacturing process. They should also consider what types of chemical engineering processes might be involved in these products.Other students are interested in working in the service in dustry. They might work as a laboratory technician, lab assistant, or even get into something that requires them to travel the world on a regular basis. It is important for these students to look at the way that the service industry deals with chemicals. They should write about how the service industry processes chemicals in order to create products for the general public.Students who choose to take a course in environmental protection department should consider writing about how environmental regulations are enforced. Students should also think about how regulations are developed and how they affect the use of chemicals. This is an area that has great importance, so students need to do some research into this topic.Students who choose to focus on the use of polymer materials in chemical engineering should write about how polymer science can impact this. Students should think about how these materials are used for plastic, rubber, and other products. This is an exciting topic that i s covered in a good number of research papers that students will be assigned in chemical engineering.Students should also consider the ways in which scientific research has been done in chemical engineering. It is important for students to learn about how different types of materials are tested for their safety before they are used for products. This can be a very useful topic to write about.It is important for students to look at a variety of research paper topics before they decide what they want to major in. If students want to focus on the research that is involved in the creation of products, they will need to find a course that teaches that area of study.

Sports Biology Research Essay Topics

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Essay Topics For Sixth Grade Students

Essay Topics For Sixth Grade StudentsIf you have just started writing your first six-grade essay, you will want to consider some homework first. When you are writing an essay for students in this grade level, you will want to make sure that you consider a few different topics. Doing so will help you to start writing and to not be overwhelmed.Now, when it comes to essay topics for students in the sixth grade, you will want to think about some of the same things as in the fifth grade. You should start by thinking about what age group the student is in. This will help you focus on some of the topics that they are familiar with and will help you avoid any confusion later on.The seventh grade is a bit different than the previous grades. This is because of the fact that there are two genders and there are other cultural changes in this grade level. The last thing you want to do is write an essay topic for students in the sixth grade that is only appropriate for the fourth grade.Next, you n eed to find out the differences between the subjects that are covered in these age groups. It is also helpful to know that students in the seventh grade have at least four other grades besides just the first grade. These other grades are normally grades K through 6, and you will want to write your essay topics accordingly.The eighth grade is another time where some students will move up a grade and go up a grade, which means that they will be considered by other students in other age groups. In this case, you will want to write your essay topics for students in the sixth grade to include each of the other levels. However, if you do not want to write essays for students in the sixth grade, you will want to consider topics for students in the seventh grade.After you decide what the age group you are going to write the essay for is, you will want to start thinking about what subject you want to discuss. Most students choose one particular subject that they have knowledge about and writ e an essay about it. However, you will still want to be able to think of a way to cover many different subjects.The ninth grade is also a great time to try out essay topics for students in the sixth grade. When writing for children, you will want to remember that they tend to use their imagination more than adults do. Therefore, it is important to keep that in mind and make sure that your essay topics reflect that.Finally, when it comes to essay topics for students in the sixth grade, you will want to stick to topics that they are familiar with. When you choose topics that you know are not going to be very useful to them, you will run the risk of either boring them or not helping them. Therefore, make sure that the essay topics that you choose are ones that are going to be meaningful to the child.